Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks

Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical v...
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Autor*in:	Yi Luo [verfasserIn] Deniz Mengu [verfasserIn] Aydogan Ozcan [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Scientific Reports - Nature Portfolio, 2011, 12(2022), 1, Seite 11
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:1 ; pages:11

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ025972707

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allfields	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025972707 (DE-599)DOAJacc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yi Luo verfasserin aut Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms. Medicine R Science Q Deniz Mengu verfasserin aut Aydogan Ozcan verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 11
spelling	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025972707 (DE-599)DOAJacc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yi Luo verfasserin aut Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms. Medicine R Science Q Deniz Mengu verfasserin aut Aydogan Ozcan verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025972707 (DE-599)DOAJacc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yi Luo verfasserin aut Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms. Medicine R Science Q Deniz Mengu verfasserin aut Aydogan Ozcan verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 11
allfieldsGer	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025972707 (DE-599)DOAJacc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yi Luo verfasserin aut Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms. Medicine R Science Q Deniz Mengu verfasserin aut Aydogan Ozcan verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 11
allfieldsSound	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 doi (DE-627)DOAJ025972707 (DE-599)DOAJacc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Yi Luo verfasserin aut Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms. Medicine R Science Q Deniz Mengu verfasserin aut Aydogan Ozcan verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 12(2022), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 1 11
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We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. 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author	Yi Luo
spellingShingle	Yi Luo misc Medicine misc R misc Science misc Q Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
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topic_title	Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
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title	Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
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title_sort	cascadable all-optical nand gates using diffractive networks
title_auth	Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
abstract	Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms.
abstractGer	Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Owing to its potential advantages such as scalability, low latency and power efficiency, optical computing has seen rapid advances over the last decades. Here, we present the design and analysis of cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive neural networks. We encoded the logical values at the input and output planes of a diffractive NAND gate using the relative optical power of two spatially-separated apertures. Based on this architecture, we numerically optimized the design of a diffractive neural network composed of 4 passive layers to all-optically perform NAND operation using diffraction of light, and cascaded these diffractive NAND gates to perform complex logical functions by successively feeding the output of one diffractive NAND gate into another. We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms.
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title_short	Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks
url	https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4 https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322
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doi_str	10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4
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We numerically demonstrated the cascadability of our diffractive NAND gates by using identical diffractive designs to all-optically perform AND and OR operations, which can be formulated as $$\mathrm{AND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ AND I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 2 , NAND I 1 , I 2 and $$\mathrm{OR}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{2}\right)=\mathrm{NAND}\left(\mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{1}, {I}_{1}\right), \mathrm{NAND}\left({I}_{2},{I}_{2}\right)\right)$$ OR I 1 , I 2 = NAND NAND I 1 , I 1 , NAND I 2 , I 2 , respectively. We also designed an all-optical half-adder that takes two logical values as input and returns their sum and the carry using cascaded diffractive NAND gates. Cascadable all-optical NAND gates composed of spatially-engineered passive diffractive layers can serve optical computing platforms.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Q</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Deniz Mengu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Aydogan Ozcan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Scientific Reports</subfield><subfield code="d">Nature Portfolio, 2011</subfield><subfield code="g">12(2022), 1, Seite 11</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)663366712</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2615211-3</subfield><subfield code="x">20452322</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:12</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2022</subfield><subfield code="g">number:1</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/acc231aa1ba1449fba43dbcdf2c44f33</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-11331-4</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" 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Cascadable all-optical NAND gates using diffractive networks

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