Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)

The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionosphe...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Yong Ha Kim [verfasserIn] Ki-nam Kim [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences - Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012, 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:35 ; year:2018 ; number:3 ; pages:143-149

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ027018911

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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ027018911 (DE-599)DOAJ1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB1-991 Yong Ha Kim verfasserin aut Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications. ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling Astronomy Ki-nam Kim verfasserin aut In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 (DE-627)62761471X (DE-600)2557343-3 20931409 nnns volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149 https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 kostenfrei http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 35 2018 3 143-149
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ027018911 (DE-599)DOAJ1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB1-991 Yong Ha Kim verfasserin aut Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications. ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling Astronomy Ki-nam Kim verfasserin aut In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 (DE-627)62761471X (DE-600)2557343-3 20931409 nnns volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149 https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 kostenfrei http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 35 2018 3 143-149
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ027018911 (DE-599)DOAJ1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB1-991 Yong Ha Kim verfasserin aut Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications. ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling Astronomy Ki-nam Kim verfasserin aut In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 (DE-627)62761471X (DE-600)2557343-3 20931409 nnns volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149 https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 kostenfrei http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 35 2018 3 143-149
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ027018911 (DE-599)DOAJ1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB1-991 Yong Ha Kim verfasserin aut Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications. ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling Astronomy Ki-nam Kim verfasserin aut In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 (DE-627)62761471X (DE-600)2557343-3 20931409 nnns volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149 https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 kostenfrei http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 35 2018 3 143-149
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ027018911 (DE-599)DOAJ1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QB1-991 Yong Ha Kim verfasserin aut Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications. ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling Astronomy Ki-nam Kim verfasserin aut In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences Korean Space Science Society (KSSS), 2012 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 (DE-627)62761471X (DE-600)2557343-3 20931409 nnns volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149 https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 kostenfrei http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 35 2018 3 143-149
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source	In Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences 35(2018), 3, Seite 143-149 volume:35 year:2018 number:3 pages:143-149
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Yong Ha Kim
spellingShingle	Yong Ha Kim misc QB1-991 misc ionosonde misc ionogram misc auto-scaling misc Astronomy Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)
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topic_title	QB1-991 Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E) ionosonde ionogram auto-scaling
topic	misc QB1-991 misc ionosonde misc ionogram misc auto-scaling misc Astronomy
topic_unstemmed	misc QB1-991 misc ionosonde misc ionogram misc auto-scaling misc Astronomy
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title	Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)
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title_full	Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)
author_sort	Yong Ha Kim
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title_sort	manual scaling of ionograms measured at jeju (33.4°n, 126.3°e)
callnumber	QB1-991
title_auth	Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)
abstract	The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications.
abstractGer	The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications.
abstract_unstemmed	The ionosphere has been monitored by ionosondes for over five decades since the 1960s in Korea. An ionosonde typically produces an ionogram that displays radio echoes in the frequency-range plane. The trace of echoes in the plane can be read either manually or automatically to derive useful ionospheric parameters such as foF2 (peak frequency of the F2 layer) and hmF2 (peak height of the F2 layer). Monitoring of the ionosphere should be routinely performed in a given time cadence, and thus, automatic scaling of an ionogram is generally executed to obtain ionospheric parameters. However, an auto-scaling program can generate undesirable results that significantly misrepresent the ionosphere. In order to verify the degree of misrepresentation by an auto-scaling program, we performed manual scaling of all 35,136 ionograms measured at Jeju (33.43˚N, 126.30˚E) throughout 2012. We compared our manually scaled parameters (foF2 and hmF2) with auto-scaled parameters that were obtained via the ARTIST5002 program. We classified five cases in terms of the erroneous scaling performed by the program. The results of the comparison indicate that the average differences with respect to foF2 and hmF2 between the two methods approximately correspond to 0.03 MHz and 4.1 km, respectively with corresponding standard deviations of 0.12 MHz and 9.58 km. Overall, 36 % of the auto-scaled results differ from the manually scaled results by the first decimal number. Therefore, future studies should be aware of the quality of auto-scaled parameters obtained via ARTIST5002. Hence, the results of the study recommend the use of manually scaled parameters (if available) for any serious applications.
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container_issue	3
title_short	Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)
url	https://doi.org/10.5140/JASS.2018.35.3.143 https://doaj.org/article/1e9016f0ca9c4be1ba57471e0944f050 http://janss.kr/journal/list.php?vol=35&no=3 https://doaj.org/toc/2093-5587 https://doaj.org/toc/2093-1409
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Manual Scaling of Ionograms Measured at Jeju (33.4°N, 126.3°E)

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