Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage

<i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Jian Zhu [verfasserIn] Yaming Zhao [verfasserIn] Yizhen Gao [verfasserIn] Chunyan Li [verfasserIn] Liting Zhou [verfasserIn] Wen Qi [verfasserIn] Yuezhu Zhang [verfasserIn] Lin Ye [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	different components of PM cytotoxicity NF- inflammatory molecules

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 16(2019), 8, p 1408
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:16 ; year:2019 ; number:8, p 1408

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph16081408

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ027506371

Internformat


LEADER	01000caa a22002652 4500
001	DOAJ027506371
003	DE-627
005	20230307114536.0
007	cr uuu---uuuuu
008	230226s2019 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c
024	7		\|a 10.3390/ijerph16081408 \|2 doi
035			\|a (DE-627)DOAJ027506371
035			\|a (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c
040			\|a DE-627 \|b ger \|c DE-627 \|e rakwb
041			\|a eng
100	0		\|a Jian Zhu \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
264		1	\|c 2019
336			\|a Text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|a Computermedien \|b c \|2 rdamedia
338			\|a Online-Ressource \|b cr \|2 rdacarrier
520			\|a <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.
650		4	\|a different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<
650		4	\|a cytotoxicity
650		4	\|a NF-<i<κ</i<B
650		4	\|a inflammatory molecules
653		0	\|a Medicine
653		0	\|a R
700	0		\|a Yaming Zhao \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Yizhen Gao \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Chunyan Li \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Liting Zhou \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Wen Qi \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Yuezhu Zhang \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Lin Ye \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i In \|t International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health \|d MDPI AG, 2005 \|g 16(2019), 8, p 1408 \|w (DE-627)477992463 \|w (DE-600)2175195-X \|x 16604601 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:16 \|g year:2019 \|g number:8, p 1408
856	4	0	\|u https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	0	\|u https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c \|z kostenfrei
856	4	0	\|u https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	2	\|u https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 \|y Journal toc \|z kostenfrei
912			\|a GBV_USEFLAG_A
912			\|a SYSFLAG_A
912			\|a GBV_DOAJ
912			\|a GBV_ILN_20
912			\|a GBV_ILN_22
912			\|a GBV_ILN_23
912			\|a GBV_ILN_24
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_65
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_70
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_74
912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_224
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2153
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
951			\|a AR
952			\|d 16 \|j 2019 \|e 8, p 1408

Indexfelder

author_variant	j z jz y z yz y g yg c l cl l z lz w q wq y z yz l y ly
matchkey_str	article:16604601:2019----::fetodfeetopnnsfmu2sbnhepesolvlonbaiyeeranifam
hierarchy_sort_str	2019
publishDate	2019
allfields	10.3390/ijerph16081408 doi (DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jian Zhu verfasserin aut Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R Yaming Zhao verfasserin aut Yizhen Gao verfasserin aut Chunyan Li verfasserin aut Liting Zhou verfasserin aut Wen Qi verfasserin aut Yuezhu Zhang verfasserin aut Lin Ye verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 16(2019), 8, p 1408 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2019 8, p 1408
spelling	10.3390/ijerph16081408 doi (DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jian Zhu verfasserin aut Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R Yaming Zhao verfasserin aut Yizhen Gao verfasserin aut Chunyan Li verfasserin aut Liting Zhou verfasserin aut Wen Qi verfasserin aut Yuezhu Zhang verfasserin aut Lin Ye verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 16(2019), 8, p 1408 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2019 8, p 1408
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/ijerph16081408 doi (DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jian Zhu verfasserin aut Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R Yaming Zhao verfasserin aut Yizhen Gao verfasserin aut Chunyan Li verfasserin aut Liting Zhou verfasserin aut Wen Qi verfasserin aut Yuezhu Zhang verfasserin aut Lin Ye verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 16(2019), 8, p 1408 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2019 8, p 1408
allfieldsGer	10.3390/ijerph16081408 doi (DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jian Zhu verfasserin aut Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R Yaming Zhao verfasserin aut Yizhen Gao verfasserin aut Chunyan Li verfasserin aut Liting Zhou verfasserin aut Wen Qi verfasserin aut Yuezhu Zhang verfasserin aut Lin Ye verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 16(2019), 8, p 1408 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2019 8, p 1408
allfieldsSound	10.3390/ijerph16081408 doi (DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jian Zhu verfasserin aut Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R Yaming Zhao verfasserin aut Yizhen Gao verfasserin aut Chunyan Li verfasserin aut Liting Zhou verfasserin aut Wen Qi verfasserin aut Yuezhu Zhang verfasserin aut Lin Ye verfasserin aut In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health MDPI AG, 2005 16(2019), 8, p 1408 (DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X 16604601 nnns volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408 https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 16 2019 8, p 1408
language	English
source	In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(2019), 8, p 1408 volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408
sourceStr	In International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16(2019), 8, p 1408 volume:16 year:2019 number:8, p 1408
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules Medicine R
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Jian Zhu @@aut@@ Yaming Zhao @@aut@@ Yizhen Gao @@aut@@ Chunyan Li @@aut@@ Liting Zhou @@aut@@ Wen Qi @@aut@@ Yuezhu Zhang @@aut@@ Lin Ye @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	477992463
id	DOAJ027506371
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ027506371</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230307114536.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2019 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3390/ijerph16081408</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ027506371</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jian Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">cytotoxicity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">NF-<i<κ</i<B</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">inflammatory molecules</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yaming Zhao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yizhen Gao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chunyan Li</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liting Zhou</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wen Qi</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yuezhu Zhang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lin Ye</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</subfield><subfield code="d">MDPI AG, 2005</subfield><subfield code="g">16(2019), 8, p 1408</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)477992463</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2175195-X</subfield><subfield code="x">16604601</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:16</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2019</subfield><subfield code="g">number:8, p 1408</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_206</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">16</subfield><subfield code="j">2019</subfield><subfield code="e">8, p 1408</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
author	Jian Zhu
spellingShingle	Jian Zhu misc different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< misc cytotoxicity misc NF-<i<κ</i<B misc inflammatory molecules misc Medicine misc R Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
authorStr	Jian Zhu
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv	@@773@@(DE-627)477992463
format	electronic Article
delete_txt_mv	keep
author_role	aut aut aut aut aut aut aut aut
collection	DOAJ
remote_str	true
illustrated	Not Illustrated
issn	16604601
topic_title	Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< cytotoxicity NF-<i<κ</i<B inflammatory molecules
topic	misc different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< misc cytotoxicity misc NF-<i<κ</i<B misc inflammatory molecules misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< misc cytotoxicity misc NF-<i<κ</i<B misc inflammatory molecules misc Medicine misc R
topic_browse	misc different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< misc cytotoxicity misc NF-<i<κ</i<B misc inflammatory molecules misc Medicine misc R
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
format_main_str_mv	Text Zeitschrift/Artikel
carriertype_str_mv	cr
hierarchy_parent_title	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
hierarchy_parent_id	477992463
hierarchy_top_title	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
isfreeaccess_txt	true
familylinks_str_mv	(DE-627)477992463 (DE-600)2175195-X
title	Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ027506371 (DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c
title_full	Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
author_sort	Jian Zhu
journal	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
journalStr	International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
lang_code	eng
isOA_bool	true
recordtype	marc
publishDateSort	2019
contenttype_str_mv	txt
author_browse	Jian Zhu Yaming Zhao Yizhen Gao Chunyan Li Liting Zhou Wen Qi Yuezhu Zhang Lin Ye
container_volume	16
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Jian Zhu
doi_str_mv	10.3390/ijerph16081408
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	effects of different components of pm<sub<2.5</sub< on the expression levels of nf-κb family gene mrna and inflammatory molecules in human macrophage
title_auth	Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
abstract	<i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.
abstractGer	<i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.
abstract_unstemmed	<i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.
collection_details	GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700
container_issue	8, p 1408
title_short	Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408 https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408 https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601
remote_bool	true
author2	Yaming Zhao Yizhen Gao Chunyan Li Liting Zhou Wen Qi Yuezhu Zhang Lin Ye
author2Str	Yaming Zhao Yizhen Gao Chunyan Li Liting Zhou Wen Qi Yuezhu Zhang Lin Ye
ppnlink	477992463
mediatype_str_mv	c
isOA_txt	true
hochschulschrift_bool	false
doi_str	10.3390/ijerph16081408
up_date	2024-07-04T01:57:50.325Z
_version_	1803611820867452928
fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ027506371</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230307114536.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230226s2019 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3390/ijerph16081408</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ027506371</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJfc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jian Zhu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2019</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><i<Background:</i< Studies have found that exposure to fine particulate matter with sizes below 2.5 µm (PM<sub<2.5</sub<) might cause inflammation response via the NF-<i<κ</i<B pathway. To date, only a few studies have focused on the toxicity of different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<. We aimed to explore the effects of PM<sub<2.5</sub< with different components on the expression levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules in human macrophages. <i<Methods:</i< Human monocytic cell line THP-1-derived macrophages were exposed to water-soluble (W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), fat-soluble (F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<), and insoluble (I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<) PM<sub<2.5</sub<. The cell survival rate was measured by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The levels of inflammatory molecules were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the relative mRNA levels of the NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene were determined by real time PCR. <i<Results:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< could decrease the cell viability. After exposure to W-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of interleukins (IL)-1β and IL-12 p70 significantly increased. After exposure to F-PM<sub<2.5</sub<, the levels of IL-12 p70 significantly increased. The levels of IL-12 p70 and TNF-α after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub< were significantly higher than that in W- and F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< treatment groups. The levels of IL-8, C reactive protein (CRP), and cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 increased only after exposure to I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<. F-PM<sub<2.5</sub< increased the mRNA levels of NF-<i<κ</i<B genes, especially <i<NF</i<-<i<κB<sub<1</sub<</i< and <i<RelA</i<. <i<Conclusions:</i< PM<sub<2.5</sub< can decrease the cell survival rate and up-regulate the expression of NF-<i<κ</i<B family gene mRNA and inflammatory molecules. The main toxic components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< related to inflammatory response in macrophages were the I-PM<sub<2.5</sub<.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">different components of PM<sub<2.5</sub<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">cytotoxicity</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">NF-<i<κ</i<B</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">inflammatory molecules</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yaming Zhao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yizhen Gao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Chunyan Li</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Liting Zhou</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Wen Qi</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Yuezhu Zhang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lin Ye</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health</subfield><subfield code="d">MDPI AG, 2005</subfield><subfield code="g">16(2019), 8, p 1408</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)477992463</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2175195-X</subfield><subfield code="x">16604601</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:16</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2019</subfield><subfield code="g">number:8, p 1408</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081408</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/fc5489fee78c40c99c8ade404016120c</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/16/8/1408</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_206</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_224</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2153</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">16</subfield><subfield code="j">2019</subfield><subfield code="e">8, p 1408</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
score	7.402323

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Schreiben Sie uns!

Effects of Different Components of PM<sub<2.5</sub< on the Expression Levels of NF-κB Family Gene mRNA and Inflammatory Molecules in Human Macrophage

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Zugang & Verfügbarkeit

Vorhandene Bände

Nicht das Richtige dabei?