In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier

Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology....
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Zhen Huang [verfasserIn] Yonghao Wang [verfasserIn] Nanhang Dong [verfasserIn] Da Song [verfasserIn] Yan Lin [verfasserIn] Lisheng Deng [verfasserIn] Hongyu Huang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Catalysts - MDPI AG, 2012, 12(2022), 10, p 1088
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:10, p 1088

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/catal12101088

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ028001095

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520			\|a Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal.
650		4	\|a benzene reforming
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650		4	\|a hematite
650		4	\|a biomass tar
650		4	\|a model compound
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allfields	10.3390/catal12101088 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028001095 (DE-599)DOAJ37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 QD1-999 Zhen Huang verfasserin aut In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal. benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound Chemical technology Chemistry Yonghao Wang verfasserin aut Nanhang Dong verfasserin aut Da Song verfasserin aut Yan Lin verfasserin aut Lisheng Deng verfasserin aut Hongyu Huang verfasserin aut In Catalysts MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 10, p 1088 (DE-627)71862646X (DE-600)2662126-5 20734344 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:10, p 1088 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 10, p 1088
spelling	10.3390/catal12101088 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028001095 (DE-599)DOAJ37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 QD1-999 Zhen Huang verfasserin aut In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal. benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound Chemical technology Chemistry Yonghao Wang verfasserin aut Nanhang Dong verfasserin aut Da Song verfasserin aut Yan Lin verfasserin aut Lisheng Deng verfasserin aut Hongyu Huang verfasserin aut In Catalysts MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 10, p 1088 (DE-627)71862646X (DE-600)2662126-5 20734344 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:10, p 1088 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 10, p 1088
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allfieldsGer	10.3390/catal12101088 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028001095 (DE-599)DOAJ37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 QD1-999 Zhen Huang verfasserin aut In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal. benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound Chemical technology Chemistry Yonghao Wang verfasserin aut Nanhang Dong verfasserin aut Da Song verfasserin aut Yan Lin verfasserin aut Lisheng Deng verfasserin aut Hongyu Huang verfasserin aut In Catalysts MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 10, p 1088 (DE-627)71862646X (DE-600)2662126-5 20734344 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:10, p 1088 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 10, p 1088
allfieldsSound	10.3390/catal12101088 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028001095 (DE-599)DOAJ37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 QD1-999 Zhen Huang verfasserin aut In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal. benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound Chemical technology Chemistry Yonghao Wang verfasserin aut Nanhang Dong verfasserin aut Da Song verfasserin aut Yan Lin verfasserin aut Lisheng Deng verfasserin aut Hongyu Huang verfasserin aut In Catalysts MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 10, p 1088 (DE-627)71862646X (DE-600)2662126-5 20734344 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:10, p 1088 https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1088 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 10, p 1088
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Zhen Huang @@aut@@ Yonghao Wang @@aut@@ Nanhang Dong @@aut@@ Da Song @@aut@@ Yan Lin @@aut@@ Lisheng Deng @@aut@@ Hongyu Huang @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Zhen Huang
spellingShingle	Zhen Huang misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc benzene reforming misc chemical looping misc oxygen carrier misc hematite misc biomass tar misc model compound misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier
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topic_title	TP1-1185 QD1-999 In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier benzene reforming chemical looping oxygen carrier hematite biomass tar model compound
topic	misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc benzene reforming misc chemical looping misc oxygen carrier misc hematite misc biomass tar misc model compound misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc benzene reforming misc chemical looping misc oxygen carrier misc hematite misc biomass tar misc model compound misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry
topic_browse	misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc benzene reforming misc chemical looping misc oxygen carrier misc hematite misc biomass tar misc model compound misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry
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title	In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier
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title_full	In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier
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title_sort	in situ removal of benzene as a biomass tar model compound employing hematite oxygen carrier
callnumber	TP1-1185
title_auth	In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier
abstract	Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal.
abstractGer	Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal.
abstract_unstemmed	Tar is an unavoidable biomass gasification byproduct. Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. The experimental results confirm that CLG has a low-tar advantage and that hematite is an effective OC for benzene removal.
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container_issue	10, p 1088
title_short	In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12101088 https://doaj.org/article/37be896505b04c319fd92a0ae4656d80 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/12/10/1088 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4344
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Tar formation reduces gasification efficiency and limits the further application of biomass gasification technology. Hence, efficient tar removal is a major problem to be solved in the formation and application of biomass gasification technology. Chemical looping gasification (CLG), a novel and promising gasification technology has attracted extensive attention owing to its low tar generation. Active oxygen carriers (OCs), the reduced OC in CLG, are considered to be excellent catalysts for tar cracking. In this study, the use of benzene as a typical tar model compound for tar removal using the iron ore OC is investigated. In the blank experiment, where an inert material (SiO<sub<2</sub<) is used as the carrier, the benzene cracking is relatively low, and the benzene conversion, H<sub<2</sub< yield, and carbon conversion are 53.65%, 6.33%, and 1.24%, respectively. The addition of hematite promotes benzene cracking. A large amount of oxygen-containing gases (CO and CO<sub<2</sub<) are generated. Additionally, the conversion degrees for benzene, H<sub<2</sub< and carbon are about 67.75%, 21.55%, and 38.39%, respectively. These results indicate that hematite performs both oxidation and catalysis during benzene cracking. The extension of the residence time facilitates benzene removal, owing to the good interaction between the gas phase and solid phase. The addition of water vapor inhibits the benzene conversion and promotes the conversion of carbon deposition. The lattice oxygen reactivity of hematite OC shows an uptrend as the cycle number is increased during the benzene conversion cycle. 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In Situ Removal of Benzene as a Biomass Tar Model Compound Employing Hematite Oxygen Carrier

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