The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery

Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-...
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Autor*in:	Jolanta Flieger [verfasserIn] Tomasz Śniegocki [verfasserIn] Joanna Dolar-Szczasny [verfasserIn] Wojciech Załuska [verfasserIn] Robert Rejdak [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Clinical Medicine - MDPI AG, 2013, 11(2022), 21, p 6402
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2022 ; number:21, p 6402

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/jcm11216402

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ028683862

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allfields	10.3390/jcm11216402 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028683862 (DE-599)DOAJ7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jolanta Flieger verfasserin aut The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function. bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) Medicine R Tomasz Śniegocki verfasserin aut Joanna Dolar-Szczasny verfasserin aut Wojciech Załuska verfasserin aut Robert Rejdak verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 21, p 6402 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 21, p 6402
spelling	10.3390/jcm11216402 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028683862 (DE-599)DOAJ7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jolanta Flieger verfasserin aut The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function. bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) Medicine R Tomasz Śniegocki verfasserin aut Joanna Dolar-Szczasny verfasserin aut Wojciech Załuska verfasserin aut Robert Rejdak verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 21, p 6402 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 21, p 6402
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/jcm11216402 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028683862 (DE-599)DOAJ7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jolanta Flieger verfasserin aut The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function. bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) Medicine R Tomasz Śniegocki verfasserin aut Joanna Dolar-Szczasny verfasserin aut Wojciech Załuska verfasserin aut Robert Rejdak verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 21, p 6402 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 21, p 6402
allfieldsGer	10.3390/jcm11216402 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028683862 (DE-599)DOAJ7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jolanta Flieger verfasserin aut The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function. bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) Medicine R Tomasz Śniegocki verfasserin aut Joanna Dolar-Szczasny verfasserin aut Wojciech Załuska verfasserin aut Robert Rejdak verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 21, p 6402 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 21, p 6402
allfieldsSound	10.3390/jcm11216402 doi (DE-627)DOAJ028683862 (DE-599)DOAJ7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Jolanta Flieger verfasserin aut The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function. bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) Medicine R Tomasz Śniegocki verfasserin aut Joanna Dolar-Szczasny verfasserin aut Wojciech Załuska verfasserin aut Robert Rejdak verfasserin aut In Journal of Clinical Medicine MDPI AG, 2013 11(2022), 21, p 6402 (DE-627)718632478 (DE-600)2662592-1 20770383 nnns volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402 https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11216402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/7f90a5a26d1842a8a645c0f03d719d06 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/21/6402 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0383 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2022 21, p 6402
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source	In Journal of Clinical Medicine 11(2022), 21, p 6402 volume:11 year:2022 number:21, p 6402
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Jolanta Flieger @@aut@@ Tomasz Śniegocki @@aut@@ Joanna Dolar-Szczasny @@aut@@ Wojciech Załuska @@aut@@ Robert Rejdak @@aut@@
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author	Jolanta Flieger
spellingShingle	Jolanta Flieger misc bisphenols misc bisphenol A misc bisphenol F misc bisphenol A isomers misc aqueous humor misc ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) misc Medicine misc R The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
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topic_title	The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery bisphenols bisphenol A bisphenol F bisphenol A isomers aqueous humor ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)
topic	misc bisphenols misc bisphenol A misc bisphenol F misc bisphenol A isomers misc aqueous humor misc ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc bisphenols misc bisphenol A misc bisphenol F misc bisphenol A isomers misc aqueous humor misc ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) misc Medicine misc R
topic_browse	misc bisphenols misc bisphenol A misc bisphenol F misc bisphenol A isomers misc aqueous humor misc ultrahigh-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC) misc Medicine misc R
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title	The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
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title_full	The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
author_sort	Jolanta Flieger
journal	Journal of Clinical Medicine
journalStr	Journal of Clinical Medicine
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author_browse	Jolanta Flieger Tomasz Śniegocki Joanna Dolar-Szczasny Wojciech Załuska Robert Rejdak
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format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Jolanta Flieger
doi_str_mv	10.3390/jcm11216402
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title_sort	first evidence on the occurrence of bisphenol analogues in the aqueous humor of patients undergoing cataract surgery
title_auth	The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
abstract	Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function.
abstractGer	Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function.
abstract_unstemmed	Human exposure to BPs is inevitable mostly due to contaminated food. In this preliminary study, for the first time, the presence of bisphenols (BPs) in aqueous humor (AH) collected from 44 patients undergoing cataract surgery was investigated. The measurements were performed using a sensitive ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Chromatographic separation was achieved using a reverse-phase column and a gradient elution mode. Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used. The method was validated for bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF). The limits of quantification (LOQs) of both investigated analytes were 0.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. The method was linear in the range of 0.25–20.0 ng mL<sup<−1</sup< with correlation coefficients (R<sup<2</sup<) higher than 0.98. Recovery of analytes was in the range of 99.9 to 104.3% and intra-assay and inter-assay precision expressed by relative standard deviations (RSD%) were less than 5%. BPA was detected in 12 AH samples with mean concentrations of 1.41 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<. BPF was not detected at all. Furthermore, two structural isomers termed BPA-1, and BPA-2 were identified, for the first time, in 40.9% of the AH samples, with almost twice higher mean concentrations of 2.15 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, and 2.25 ng mL<sup<−1</sup<, respectively. The total content of BPs were higher in patients with coexisting ocular pathologies such as glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), and diabetes in comparison to cataracts alone. However, the difference between these groups did not reach statistical significance (<i<p</i< < 0.05). Performed investigations indicate the need for further research on a larger population with the aim of knowing the consequences of BPs’ accumulation in AH for visual function.
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title_short	The First Evidence on the Occurrence of Bisphenol Analogues in the Aqueous Humor of Patients Undergoing Cataract Surgery
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author2	Tomasz Śniegocki Joanna Dolar-Szczasny Wojciech Załuska Robert Rejdak
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