Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells

Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fru...
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Autor*in:	Shang-Ming Huang [verfasserIn] Shuan-Ying Lin [verfasserIn] Ming-Kai Chen [verfasserIn] Chiung-Chi Peng [verfasserIn] Chiu-Lan Hsieh [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	fluoxetine geniposide geniposidic acid muscle atrophy

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Processes - MDPI AG, 2013, 9(2021), 1649, p 1649
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2021 ; number:1649, p 1649

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/pr9091649

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ030293286

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520			\|a Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fruit, have been shown to have biological activity in disease prevention, but their role in preventing FXT-related side effects such as muscle atrophy remains unclear. The process of muscle atrophy is a complex physiological mechanism involving the balance of protein synthesis and catabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that FXT may suppress hypertrophy signaling and activate the atrophy mechanisms, resulting in proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis, while geniposide (GPS) and geniposide acid (GPSA) may be beneficial in improving muscle weakness caused by FXT. The C2C12 cell model was used to examine the expression of hypertrophy signaling (PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) and protein break signals (FOXO, MuRF-1, and MyHC). Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. In conclusion, GPS and GPSA have the potential to attenuate the muscle loss caused by long-term FXT administration, diseases, or the aging process.
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Shang-Ming Huang
spellingShingle	Shang-Ming Huang misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc fluoxetine misc geniposide misc geniposidic acid misc muscle atrophy misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
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topic_title	TP1-1185 QD1-999 Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells fluoxetine geniposide geniposidic acid muscle atrophy
topic	misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc fluoxetine misc geniposide misc geniposidic acid misc muscle atrophy misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc TP1-1185 misc QD1-999 misc fluoxetine misc geniposide misc geniposidic acid misc muscle atrophy misc Chemical technology misc Chemistry
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title	Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
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title_full	Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
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title_sort	effects of geniposide and geniposidic acid on fluoxetine-induced muscle atrophy in c2c12 cells
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title_auth	Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
abstract	Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fruit, have been shown to have biological activity in disease prevention, but their role in preventing FXT-related side effects such as muscle atrophy remains unclear. The process of muscle atrophy is a complex physiological mechanism involving the balance of protein synthesis and catabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that FXT may suppress hypertrophy signaling and activate the atrophy mechanisms, resulting in proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis, while geniposide (GPS) and geniposide acid (GPSA) may be beneficial in improving muscle weakness caused by FXT. The C2C12 cell model was used to examine the expression of hypertrophy signaling (PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) and protein break signals (FOXO, MuRF-1, and MyHC). Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. In conclusion, GPS and GPSA have the potential to attenuate the muscle loss caused by long-term FXT administration, diseases, or the aging process.
abstractGer	Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fruit, have been shown to have biological activity in disease prevention, but their role in preventing FXT-related side effects such as muscle atrophy remains unclear. The process of muscle atrophy is a complex physiological mechanism involving the balance of protein synthesis and catabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that FXT may suppress hypertrophy signaling and activate the atrophy mechanisms, resulting in proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis, while geniposide (GPS) and geniposide acid (GPSA) may be beneficial in improving muscle weakness caused by FXT. The C2C12 cell model was used to examine the expression of hypertrophy signaling (PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) and protein break signals (FOXO, MuRF-1, and MyHC). Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. In conclusion, GPS and GPSA have the potential to attenuate the muscle loss caused by long-term FXT administration, diseases, or the aging process.
abstract_unstemmed	Fluoxetine, an antidepressant known as a selective 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), can cause side effects such as muscle atrophy with long-term use, but the mechanism is not fully understood. Geniposide (GPS) and geniposidic acid (GPSA), the main components of Gardenia jasminoides fruit, have been shown to have biological activity in disease prevention, but their role in preventing FXT-related side effects such as muscle atrophy remains unclear. The process of muscle atrophy is a complex physiological mechanism involving the balance of protein synthesis and catabolism. In this study, we hypothesized that FXT may suppress hypertrophy signaling and activate the atrophy mechanisms, resulting in proteolysis and reduced protein synthesis, while geniposide (GPS) and geniposide acid (GPSA) may be beneficial in improving muscle weakness caused by FXT. The C2C12 cell model was used to examine the expression of hypertrophy signaling (PI3K, Akt, and mTOR) and protein break signals (FOXO, MuRF-1, and MyHC). Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. In conclusion, GPS and GPSA have the potential to attenuate the muscle loss caused by long-term FXT administration, diseases, or the aging process.
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title_short	Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells
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Our data indicated that FXT inhibited MyHC and promoted MuRF-1 protein expression by downregulating the signaling pathways of p-ERK1/2, p-Akt, p-mTOR, and p-FOXO, resulting in a decrease in differentiation and myotube formation in C2C12 muscle cells, which further resulted in muscle atrophy. However, GPS and GPSA can positively regulate the atrophy mechanism induced by FXT in muscle cells, thereby ameliorating the imbalance in muscle synthesis. 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Effects of Geniposide and Geniposidic Acid on Fluoxetine-Induced Muscle Atrophy in C2C12 Cells

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