Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment
Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The propos...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo [verfasserIn] José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea [verfasserIn] Alfredo Gardel-Vicente [verfasserIn] David Salido-Monzú [verfasserIn] Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz [verfasserIn] Andreea Iamnitchi [verfasserIn] Rubén Gil-Vera [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2021 |
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Schlagwörter: |
indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Sensors - MDPI AG, 2003, 21(2021), 11, p 3924 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:21 ; year:2021 ; number:11, p 3924 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/s21113924 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ031395201 |
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10.3390/s21113924 doi (DE-627)DOAJ031395201 (DE-599)DOAJ0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo verfasserin aut Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) position sensitive detector (PSD) soft/weak calibration genetic algorithms Chemical technology José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea verfasserin aut Alfredo Gardel-Vicente verfasserin aut David Salido-Monzú verfasserin aut Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz verfasserin aut Andreea Iamnitchi verfasserin aut Rubén Gil-Vera verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 11, p 3924 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:11, p 3924 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 11, p 3924 |
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10.3390/s21113924 doi (DE-627)DOAJ031395201 (DE-599)DOAJ0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo verfasserin aut Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) position sensitive detector (PSD) soft/weak calibration genetic algorithms Chemical technology José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea verfasserin aut Alfredo Gardel-Vicente verfasserin aut David Salido-Monzú verfasserin aut Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz verfasserin aut Andreea Iamnitchi verfasserin aut Rubén Gil-Vera verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 11, p 3924 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:11, p 3924 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 11, p 3924 |
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10.3390/s21113924 doi (DE-627)DOAJ031395201 (DE-599)DOAJ0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo verfasserin aut Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) position sensitive detector (PSD) soft/weak calibration genetic algorithms Chemical technology José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea verfasserin aut Alfredo Gardel-Vicente verfasserin aut David Salido-Monzú verfasserin aut Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz verfasserin aut Andreea Iamnitchi verfasserin aut Rubén Gil-Vera verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 11, p 3924 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:11, p 3924 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 11, p 3924 |
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10.3390/s21113924 doi (DE-627)DOAJ031395201 (DE-599)DOAJ0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo verfasserin aut Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) position sensitive detector (PSD) soft/weak calibration genetic algorithms Chemical technology José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea verfasserin aut Alfredo Gardel-Vicente verfasserin aut David Salido-Monzú verfasserin aut Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz verfasserin aut Andreea Iamnitchi verfasserin aut Rubén Gil-Vera verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 11, p 3924 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:11, p 3924 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 11, p 3924 |
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10.3390/s21113924 doi (DE-627)DOAJ031395201 (DE-599)DOAJ0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP1-1185 Álvaro De-La-Llana-Calvo verfasserin aut Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. indoor positioning system (IPS) visible light positioning (VLP) position sensitive detector (PSD) soft/weak calibration genetic algorithms Chemical technology José-Luis Lázaro-Galilea verfasserin aut Alfredo Gardel-Vicente verfasserin aut David Salido-Monzú verfasserin aut Ignacio Bravo-Muñoz verfasserin aut Andreea Iamnitchi verfasserin aut Rubén Gil-Vera verfasserin aut In Sensors MDPI AG, 2003 21(2021), 11, p 3924 (DE-627)331640910 (DE-600)2052857-7 14248220 nnns volume:21 year:2021 number:11, p 3924 https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/0deabd43361f42ac89aad47a079e9d71 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/11/3924 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 21 2021 11, p 3924 |
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Weak Calibration of a Visible Light Positioning System Based on a Position-Sensitive Detector: Positioning Error Assessment |
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Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. |
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Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. |
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Reduced deployment and calibration requirements are key for scalable and cost-effective indoor positioning systems. In this work, we propose a low-complexity, weak calibration procedure for an indoor positioning system based on infrastructure lighting and a positioning-sensitive detector. The proposed calibration relies on genetic algorithms to obtain the relevant system parameters in the real positioning environment without a priori information, and requires a low number of simple measurements. The achievable performance of the proposal was assessed by direct comparison with a formal offline calibration method requiring complex dedicated infrastructure and instruments. The comparative error assessment showed that the maximum accuracy reduction compared to the significantly more costly formal calibration was below 25 mm, and the overall absolute positioning error was smaller than 35 mm with orientation errors of around 0.25°. The performance achieved with the proposed weak calibration procedure is sufficient for many indoor positioning applications and largely reduces the cost and complexity of setting up the positioning system in real environments. |
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