On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification

This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Marguerite Lee [verfasserIn] Thomas Frisius [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography - Stockholm University Press, 2012, 70(2018), 1, Seite 18
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:70 ; year:2018 ; number:1 ; pages:18

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ033083657

Internformat


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allfields	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 doi (DE-627)DOAJ033083657 (DE-599)DOAJ74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GC1-1581 QC851-999 Marguerite Lee verfasserin aut On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology Thomas Frisius verfasserin aut In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Stockholm University Press, 2012 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 (DE-627)324455895 (DE-600)2026987-0 16000870 nnns volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2018 1 18
spelling	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 doi (DE-627)DOAJ033083657 (DE-599)DOAJ74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GC1-1581 QC851-999 Marguerite Lee verfasserin aut On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology Thomas Frisius verfasserin aut In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Stockholm University Press, 2012 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 (DE-627)324455895 (DE-600)2026987-0 16000870 nnns volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2018 1 18
allfields_unstemmed	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 doi (DE-627)DOAJ033083657 (DE-599)DOAJ74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GC1-1581 QC851-999 Marguerite Lee verfasserin aut On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology Thomas Frisius verfasserin aut In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Stockholm University Press, 2012 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 (DE-627)324455895 (DE-600)2026987-0 16000870 nnns volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2018 1 18
allfieldsGer	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 doi (DE-627)DOAJ033083657 (DE-599)DOAJ74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GC1-1581 QC851-999 Marguerite Lee verfasserin aut On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology Thomas Frisius verfasserin aut In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Stockholm University Press, 2012 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 (DE-627)324455895 (DE-600)2026987-0 16000870 nnns volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2018 1 18
allfieldsSound	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 doi (DE-627)DOAJ033083657 (DE-599)DOAJ74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng GC1-1581 QC851-999 Marguerite Lee verfasserin aut On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith. tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology Thomas Frisius verfasserin aut In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography Stockholm University Press, 2012 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 (DE-627)324455895 (DE-600)2026987-0 16000870 nnns volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18 https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2119 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 70 2018 1 18
language	English
source	In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18
sourceStr	In Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography 70(2018), 1, Seite 18 volume:70 year:2018 number:1 pages:18
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation Oceanography Meteorology. Climatology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Marguerite Lee @@aut@@ Thomas Frisius @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	324455895
id	DOAJ033083657
language_de	englisch
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callnumber-first	G - Geography, Anthropology, Recreation
author	Marguerite Lee
spellingShingle	Marguerite Lee misc GC1-1581 misc QC851-999 misc tropical cyclone intensification misc convective available potential energy misc wind-induced surface heat exchange misc eyewall and secondary circulation misc Oceanography misc Meteorology. Climatology On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification
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topic_title	GC1-1581 QC851-999 On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification tropical cyclone intensification convective available potential energy wind-induced surface heat exchange eyewall and secondary circulation
topic	misc GC1-1581 misc QC851-999 misc tropical cyclone intensification misc convective available potential energy misc wind-induced surface heat exchange misc eyewall and secondary circulation misc Oceanography misc Meteorology. Climatology
topic_unstemmed	misc GC1-1581 misc QC851-999 misc tropical cyclone intensification misc convective available potential energy misc wind-induced surface heat exchange misc eyewall and secondary circulation misc Oceanography misc Meteorology. Climatology
topic_browse	misc GC1-1581 misc QC851-999 misc tropical cyclone intensification misc convective available potential energy misc wind-induced surface heat exchange misc eyewall and secondary circulation misc Oceanography misc Meteorology. Climatology
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hierarchy_parent_title	Tellus: Series A, Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography
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title	On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification
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title_full	On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification
author_sort	Marguerite Lee
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author_browse	Marguerite Lee Thomas Frisius
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doi_str_mv	10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433
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title_sort	on the role of convective available potential energy (cape) in tropical cyclone intensification
callnumber	GC1-1581
title_auth	On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification
abstract	This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith.
abstractGer	This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith.
abstract_unstemmed	This study addresses the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in the intensification of simulated tropical cyclones. Additionally, it also examines the ‘wind-induced surface heat exchange’ (WISHE) theory in which CAPE is non-existent during intensification. We use a hierarchy of models with different complexity. A low-order tropical cyclone model forms the simplest model. It is found that the damping of CAPE by fast convective exchange as assumed in the WISHE theory inhibits substantial intensification in the model. This result can be explained by the dominance of the secondary circulation over surface heat transfer in the growth stage. It leads to entrainment of low entropy air into the eyewall resulting in the weakening of the cyclone. Other simulations reveal that the intensification rate increases with increasing initial CAPE and that the inner core CAPE is smaller than that of the ambient region. Investigations with the more complex Ooyama model yield qualitatively similar results. In this model, two types of convection are considered. The first one is based on frictional convergence in the boundary layer and the second one describes a convective adjustment including a precipitation efficiency. Only frictionally induced convection supports tropical cyclone intensification while the second one strongly acts to dampen the cyclone. Finally, the complex nonhydrostatic cloud model CM1 is used where the initial CAPE is varied. This model also exposes the existence of radially increasing CAPE during intensification. The experiments of this study indicate a positive relationship between the radial CAPE gradient and the intensification rate which disagrees with the basic assumption of WISHE models. The results emphasise the role of the secondary circulation for transporting high entropy air into the tropical cyclone inner core, and therefore should be considered in a proper intensification theory as has been done in the rotating convection paradigm by Montgomery and Smith.
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title_short	On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification
url	https://doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 https://doaj.org/article/74954b44d67647ffb3a614064e0302c5 http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16000870.2018.1433433 https://doaj.org/toc/1600-0870
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On the role of convective available potential energy (CAPE) in tropical cyclone intensification

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