A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION

The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction...
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Autor*in:	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. [verfasserIn] HUSIN H., RIZA M. [verfasserIn] MUSLIM A. [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2017

Schlagwörter:	Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Engineering Science and Technology - Taylor's University, 2010, 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2017 ; number:12 ; pages:3412-3425

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ034504664

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allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ034504664 (DE-599)DOAJ5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 T1-995 MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. verfasserin aut A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel. Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound. Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Technology (General) HUSIN H., RIZA M. verfasserin aut MUSLIM A. verfasserin aut In Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Taylor's University, 2010 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425 (DE-627)671660268 (DE-600)2636397-5 18234690 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:12 pages:3412-3425 https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d kostenfrei http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2017 12 3412-3425
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ034504664 (DE-599)DOAJ5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 T1-995 MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. verfasserin aut A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel. Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound. Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Technology (General) HUSIN H., RIZA M. verfasserin aut MUSLIM A. verfasserin aut In Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Taylor's University, 2010 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425 (DE-627)671660268 (DE-600)2636397-5 18234690 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:12 pages:3412-3425 https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d kostenfrei http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2017 12 3412-3425
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ034504664 (DE-599)DOAJ5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 T1-995 MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. verfasserin aut A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel. Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound. Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Technology (General) HUSIN H., RIZA M. verfasserin aut MUSLIM A. verfasserin aut In Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Taylor's University, 2010 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425 (DE-627)671660268 (DE-600)2636397-5 18234690 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:12 pages:3412-3425 https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d kostenfrei http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2017 12 3412-3425
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ034504664 (DE-599)DOAJ5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 T1-995 MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. verfasserin aut A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel. Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound. Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Technology (General) HUSIN H., RIZA M. verfasserin aut MUSLIM A. verfasserin aut In Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Taylor's University, 2010 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425 (DE-627)671660268 (DE-600)2636397-5 18234690 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:12 pages:3412-3425 https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d kostenfrei http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2017 12 3412-3425
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ034504664 (DE-599)DOAJ5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 T1-995 MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. verfasserin aut A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel. Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound. Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Technology (General) HUSIN H., RIZA M. verfasserin aut MUSLIM A. verfasserin aut In Journal of Engineering Science and Technology Taylor's University, 2010 12(2017), 12, Seite 3412-3425 (DE-627)671660268 (DE-600)2636397-5 18234690 nnns volume:12 year:2017 number:12 pages:3412-3425 https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d kostenfrei http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2017 12 3412-3425
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D.
spellingShingle	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. misc TA1-2040 misc T1-995 misc Biodiesel misc Fatty acid misc Screw pine fruit seed misc Microwave misc Ultrasound. misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Technology (General) A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION
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topic_title	TA1-2040 T1-995 A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION Biodiesel Fatty acid Screw pine fruit seed Microwave Ultrasound
topic	misc TA1-2040 misc T1-995 misc Biodiesel misc Fatty acid misc Screw pine fruit seed misc Microwave misc Ultrasound. misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Technology (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc TA1-2040 misc T1-995 misc Biodiesel misc Fatty acid misc Screw pine fruit seed misc Microwave misc Ultrasound. misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Technology (General)
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title	A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION
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title_full	A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION
author_sort	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D.
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author_browse	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D. HUSIN H., RIZA M. MUSLIM A.
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author-letter	MAHLINDA, SUPARDAN M.D.
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title_sort	comparative study of biodiesel production from screw pine fruit seed: using ultrasound and microwave assistance in in-situ transesterification
callnumber	TA1-2040
title_auth	A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION
abstract	The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel.
abstractGer	The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel.
abstract_unstemmed	The main purpose of this research was the production of biodiesel from screw pine fruit seed (SPFS) oil as a new biodiesel feed-stock using in-situ transesterification with the assistance of microwave and ultrasound. The effect of independent variable such as the SPFS oil to methanol ratio, reaction time, catalyst concentration and temperature were investigated and compared the results of both methods. The physicochemical parameters of the biodiesel, such as kinematic viscosity, density and acid value were analysed using the EN 14214-2003 standard. The fatty acid methyl ester composition was identified using GC–MS. The experimental results with 25:1 w/w ratio of methanol to the SPFS oil, 1:1 w/w ratio of methanol to chloroform, 5% KOH, 50 rpm stirring and 65 C reaction temperature showed that the maximum conversion efficiency was approximately 88.12% for the assistance of microwave with 4-min reaction time and 450W microwave power, and it was approximately 86.38% for the assistance of ultrasound with 80-min reaction time, 37 kHz ultrasound. The physicochemical properties met to the EN 14214-2003 standard, except for the acid value. Meanwhile, the GC–MS analysis identified five major fatty acid esters in the biodiesel.
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title_short	A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM SCREW PINE FRUIT SEED: USING ULTRASOUND AND MICROWAVE ASSISTANCE IN IN-SITU TRANSESTERIFICATION
url	https://doaj.org/article/5e351d6d73aa43e0a7889cc00f229d5d http://jestec.taylors.edu.my/Vol%2012%20issue%2012%20December%202017/12_12_20.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1823-4690
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author2	HUSIN H., RIZA M. MUSLIM A.
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up_date	2024-07-03T23:29:48.136Z
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