Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data

<p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	T. Yirdaw Berhe [verfasserIn] G. Mengistu Tsidu [verfasserIn] T. Blumenstock [verfasserIn] F. Hase [verfasserIn] G. P. Stiller [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques - Copernicus Publications, 2009, 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2020 ; pages:4079-4096

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ03760340X

Internformat


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520			\|a <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p<
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allfields	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ03760340X (DE-599)DOAJdca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA170-171 TA715-787 T. Yirdaw Berhe verfasserin aut Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut T. Blumenstock verfasserin aut F. Hase verfasserin aut G. P. Stiller verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Copernicus Publications, 2009 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 (DE-627)605214441 (DE-600)2505596-3 18678548 nnns volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 kostenfrei https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 4079-4096
spelling	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ03760340X (DE-599)DOAJdca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA170-171 TA715-787 T. Yirdaw Berhe verfasserin aut Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut T. Blumenstock verfasserin aut F. Hase verfasserin aut G. P. Stiller verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Copernicus Publications, 2009 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 (DE-627)605214441 (DE-600)2505596-3 18678548 nnns volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 kostenfrei https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 4079-4096
allfields_unstemmed	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ03760340X (DE-599)DOAJdca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA170-171 TA715-787 T. Yirdaw Berhe verfasserin aut Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut T. Blumenstock verfasserin aut F. Hase verfasserin aut G. P. Stiller verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Copernicus Publications, 2009 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 (DE-627)605214441 (DE-600)2505596-3 18678548 nnns volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 kostenfrei https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 4079-4096
allfieldsGer	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ03760340X (DE-599)DOAJdca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA170-171 TA715-787 T. Yirdaw Berhe verfasserin aut Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut T. Blumenstock verfasserin aut F. Hase verfasserin aut G. P. Stiller verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Copernicus Publications, 2009 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 (DE-627)605214441 (DE-600)2505596-3 18678548 nnns volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 kostenfrei https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 4079-4096
allfieldsSound	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 doi (DE-627)DOAJ03760340X (DE-599)DOAJdca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA170-171 TA715-787 T. Yirdaw Berhe verfasserin aut Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p< Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut G. Mengistu Tsidu verfasserin aut T. Blumenstock verfasserin aut F. Hase verfasserin aut G. P. Stiller verfasserin aut In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Copernicus Publications, 2009 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 (DE-627)605214441 (DE-600)2505596-3 18678548 nnns volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 kostenfrei https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2020 4079-4096
language	English
source	In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096
sourceStr	In Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 13(2020), Seite 4079-4096 volume:13 year:2020 pages:4079-4096
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Environmental engineering Earthwork. Foundations
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
authorswithroles_txt_mv	T. Yirdaw Berhe @@aut@@ G. Mengistu Tsidu @@aut@@ T. Blumenstock @@aut@@ F. Hase @@aut@@ G. P. Stiller @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	605214441
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language_de	englisch
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Yirdaw Berhe</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2020</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a"><p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p<</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Environmental engineering</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Earthwork. Foundations</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">G. Mengistu Tsidu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">G. Mengistu Tsidu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">T. 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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	T. Yirdaw Berhe
spellingShingle	T. Yirdaw Berhe misc TA170-171 misc TA715-787 misc Environmental engineering misc Earthwork. Foundations Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
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topic_title	TA170-171 TA715-787 Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
topic	misc TA170-171 misc TA715-787 misc Environmental engineering misc Earthwork. Foundations
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title	Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
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title_full	Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
author_sort	T. Yirdaw Berhe
journal	Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
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author_browse	T. Yirdaw Berhe G. Mengistu Tsidu T. Blumenstock F. Hase G. P. Stiller
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author-letter	T. Yirdaw Berhe
doi_str_mv	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020
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title_sort	methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based ftir at addis ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
callnumber	TA170-171
title_auth	Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
abstract	<p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p<
abstractGer	<p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p<
abstract_unstemmed	<p<A ground-based, high-spectral-resolution Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer has been operational in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia (9.01<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< N latitude, 38.76<span class="inline-formula"<<sup<∘</sup<</span< E longitude; 2443 m altitude above sea level), since May 2009 to obtain information on column abundances and profiles of various constituents in the atmosphere. Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. Therefore, the bias obtained from the comparison is comparable to the precision of FTIR measurement, which allows the use of data in further scientific studies as it represents a unique environment of tropical Africa, a region poorly investigated in the past.</p<
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title_short	Methane and nitrous oxide from ground-based FTIR at Addis Ababa: observations, error analysis, and comparison with satellite data
url	https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020 https://doaj.org/article/dca49091b37b491c881c8e375895ee45 https://amt.copernicus.org/articles/13/4079/2020/amt-13-4079-2020.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1867-1381 https://doaj.org/toc/1867-8548
remote_bool	true
author2	G. Mengistu Tsidu T. Blumenstock F. Hase G. P. Stiller
author2Str	G. Mengistu Tsidu T. Blumenstock F. Hase G. P. Stiller
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callnumber-subject	TA - General and Civil Engineering
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doi_str	10.5194/amt-13-4079-2020
callnumber-a	TA170-171
up_date	2024-07-04T01:50:17.631Z
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Vertical profile and column abundances of methane and nitrous oxide are derived from solar absorption measurements taken by FTIR for a period that covers May 2009 to March 2013 using the retrieval code PROFFIT (V9.5). A detailed error analysis of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< retrieval are performed. Averaging kernels of the target gases shows that the major contribution to the retrieved information comes from the measurement. Thus, average degrees of freedom for signals are found to be 2.1 and 3.4, from the retrieval of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< for the total observed FTIR spectra. Methane and nitrous oxide volume mixing ratio (VMR) profiles and column amounts retrieved from FTIR spectra are compared with data from the reduced spectral resolution Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research/Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IMK/IAA) MIPAS (Version V5R_CH4_224 and V5R_N2O_224), the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) (MLS v3.3 of <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< derived from MLS v3.3 products of CO, <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<H<sub<2</sub<O</span<), and the Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS) sensors on board satellites. The averaged mean relative difference between FTIR methane and the three correlative instruments MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS are 4.2 %, 5.8 %, and 5.3 % in the altitude ranges of 20 to 27 km, respectively. However, the biases below 20 km are negative, which indicates the profile of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR is less than the profiles derived from correlative instruments by <span class="inline-formula"<−4.9 <i<%</i<</span<, <span class="inline-formula"<−1.8 <i<%</i<</span<, and <span class="inline-formula"<−2.8 <i<%</i<</span<. The averaged positive bias between FTIR nitrous oxide and correlative instrument, MIPAS, in the altitude range of 20 to 27 km is 7.8 %, and a negative bias of <span class="inline-formula"<−4 <i<%</i<</span< at altitudes below 20 km. An averaged positive bias of 9.3 % in the altitude range of 17 to 27 km is obtained for FTIR <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< with MLS. In all the comparisons of <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< from FTIR with data from MIPAS, MLS, and AIRS, sensors on board satellites indicate a negative bias below 20 km and a positive bias above 20 km. The mean error between partial-column amounts of methane from MIPAS and the ground-based FTIR is <span class="inline-formula"<−5.5 <i<%</i<</span<, with a standard deviation of 5 % that shows very good agreement as exhibited by relative differences between vertical profiles. Thus, the retrieved <span class="inline-formula"<CH<sub<4</sub<</span< and <span class="inline-formula"<N<sub<2</sub<O</span< VMR and column amounts from Addis Ababa, tropical site, is found to exhibit very good agreement with all coincident satellite observations. 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