A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis
To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological acti...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Keimei Oh [verfasserIn] Tomoki Hoshi [verfasserIn] Sumiya Tomio [verfasserIn] Kenji Ueda [verfasserIn] Kojiro Hara [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2017 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Molecules - MDPI AG, 2003, 22(2017), 12, p 2270 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:22 ; year:2017 ; number:12, p 2270 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/molecules22122270 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ038083507 |
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10.3390/molecules22122270 doi (DE-627)DOAJ038083507 (DE-599)DOAJd180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Keimei Oh verfasserin aut A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. ethylene sulfonamide derivatives pyrazole derivatives plant growth regulator Organic chemistry Tomoki Hoshi verfasserin aut Sumiya Tomio verfasserin aut Kenji Ueda verfasserin aut Kojiro Hara verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 22(2017), 12, p 2270 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:22 year:2017 number:12, p 2270 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2017 12, p 2270 |
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10.3390/molecules22122270 doi (DE-627)DOAJ038083507 (DE-599)DOAJd180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Keimei Oh verfasserin aut A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. ethylene sulfonamide derivatives pyrazole derivatives plant growth regulator Organic chemistry Tomoki Hoshi verfasserin aut Sumiya Tomio verfasserin aut Kenji Ueda verfasserin aut Kojiro Hara verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 22(2017), 12, p 2270 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:22 year:2017 number:12, p 2270 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2017 12, p 2270 |
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10.3390/molecules22122270 doi (DE-627)DOAJ038083507 (DE-599)DOAJd180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Keimei Oh verfasserin aut A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. ethylene sulfonamide derivatives pyrazole derivatives plant growth regulator Organic chemistry Tomoki Hoshi verfasserin aut Sumiya Tomio verfasserin aut Kenji Ueda verfasserin aut Kojiro Hara verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 22(2017), 12, p 2270 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:22 year:2017 number:12, p 2270 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2017 12, p 2270 |
allfieldsGer |
10.3390/molecules22122270 doi (DE-627)DOAJ038083507 (DE-599)DOAJd180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Keimei Oh verfasserin aut A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. ethylene sulfonamide derivatives pyrazole derivatives plant growth regulator Organic chemistry Tomoki Hoshi verfasserin aut Sumiya Tomio verfasserin aut Kenji Ueda verfasserin aut Kojiro Hara verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 22(2017), 12, p 2270 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:22 year:2017 number:12, p 2270 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2017 12, p 2270 |
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10.3390/molecules22122270 doi (DE-627)DOAJ038083507 (DE-599)DOAJd180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Keimei Oh verfasserin aut A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis 2017 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. ethylene sulfonamide derivatives pyrazole derivatives plant growth regulator Organic chemistry Tomoki Hoshi verfasserin aut Sumiya Tomio verfasserin aut Kenji Ueda verfasserin aut Kojiro Hara verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 22(2017), 12, p 2270 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:22 year:2017 number:12, p 2270 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules22122270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d180b6ee31344351ae0f8bdfd60f9122 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/22/12/2270 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2017 12, p 2270 |
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A Chemical Genetics Strategy That Identifies Small Molecules Which Induce the Triple Response in Arabidopsis |
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To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. |
abstractGer |
To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. |
abstract_unstemmed |
To explore small molecules with ethylene-like biological activity, we conducted a triple response-based assay system for chemical library screening. Among 9600 compounds, we found N-[(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methyl]-N-methyl-2-naphthalenesulfonamide (EH-1) displayed promising biological activity on inducing a triple response in Arabidopsis seedlings. Chemical synthesis and structure–activity relationship (SAR) analysis of EH-1 analogues with different substitution patterns on the phenyl ring structure of the sulfonamide group indicated that 3,4-dichloro-N-methyl-N-(1,3,5-trimethyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl-methyl)benzenesulfonamide (8) exhibits the most potent biological activity. To determine the mechanism of action, we conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) analysis of the effect of EH-1 and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), the precursor of ethylene biosynthesis, following the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) confirmation. Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. Based on these results, we conclude that the action mechanism of EH-1 on inducing triple response in Arabidopsis is different from that of ACC. |
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Data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis indicated that EH-1 and ACC significantly induced the expression of 39 and 48 genes, respectively (above 20 fold of control), among which five genes are up-regulated by EH-1 as well as by ACC. We also found 67 and 32 genes that are significantly down-regulated, respectively, among which seven genes are in common. For quantitative RT-PCR analysis. 12 up-regulated genes were selected from the data obtained from RNA-Seq analysis. We found a good correlation of quantitative RT-PCR analysis and RNA-Seq analysis. 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