Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines

The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess t...
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Autor*in:	Barouch Giechaskiel [verfasserIn] Tero Lähde [verfasserIn] Matthias Schwelberger [verfasserIn] Timo Kleinbach [verfasserIn] Helge Roske [verfasserIn] Enrico Teti [verfasserIn] Tim van den Bos [verfasserIn] Patrick Neils [verfasserIn] Christophe Delacroix [verfasserIn] Tobias Jakobsson [verfasserIn] Hua Lu Karlsson [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Schlagwörter:	heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Applied Sciences - MDPI AG, 2012, 9(2019), 20, p 4418
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2019 ; number:20, p 4418

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/app9204418

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ040552500

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650		4	\|a heavy-duty engines
650		4	\|a particle number
650		4	\|a sub-23 nm
650		4	\|a catalytic stripper
650		4	\|a crankcase emissions
650		4	\|a regeneration
650		4	\|a proportional partial flow dilution system
650		4	\|a calibration
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allfields	10.3390/app9204418 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040552500 (DE-599)DOAJ8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Barouch Giechaskiel verfasserin aut Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation. heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry Tero Lähde verfasserin aut Matthias Schwelberger verfasserin aut Timo Kleinbach verfasserin aut Helge Roske verfasserin aut Enrico Teti verfasserin aut Tim van den Bos verfasserin aut Patrick Neils verfasserin aut Christophe Delacroix verfasserin aut Tobias Jakobsson verfasserin aut Hua Lu Karlsson verfasserin aut In Applied Sciences MDPI AG, 2012 9(2019), 20, p 4418 (DE-627)737287640 (DE-600)2704225-X 20763417 nnns volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2019 20, p 4418
spelling	10.3390/app9204418 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040552500 (DE-599)DOAJ8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Barouch Giechaskiel verfasserin aut Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation. heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry Tero Lähde verfasserin aut Matthias Schwelberger verfasserin aut Timo Kleinbach verfasserin aut Helge Roske verfasserin aut Enrico Teti verfasserin aut Tim van den Bos verfasserin aut Patrick Neils verfasserin aut Christophe Delacroix verfasserin aut Tobias Jakobsson verfasserin aut Hua Lu Karlsson verfasserin aut In Applied Sciences MDPI AG, 2012 9(2019), 20, p 4418 (DE-627)737287640 (DE-600)2704225-X 20763417 nnns volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2019 20, p 4418
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/app9204418 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040552500 (DE-599)DOAJ8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Barouch Giechaskiel verfasserin aut Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation. heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry Tero Lähde verfasserin aut Matthias Schwelberger verfasserin aut Timo Kleinbach verfasserin aut Helge Roske verfasserin aut Enrico Teti verfasserin aut Tim van den Bos verfasserin aut Patrick Neils verfasserin aut Christophe Delacroix verfasserin aut Tobias Jakobsson verfasserin aut Hua Lu Karlsson verfasserin aut In Applied Sciences MDPI AG, 2012 9(2019), 20, p 4418 (DE-627)737287640 (DE-600)2704225-X 20763417 nnns volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2019 20, p 4418
allfieldsGer	10.3390/app9204418 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040552500 (DE-599)DOAJ8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Barouch Giechaskiel verfasserin aut Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation. heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry Tero Lähde verfasserin aut Matthias Schwelberger verfasserin aut Timo Kleinbach verfasserin aut Helge Roske verfasserin aut Enrico Teti verfasserin aut Tim van den Bos verfasserin aut Patrick Neils verfasserin aut Christophe Delacroix verfasserin aut Tobias Jakobsson verfasserin aut Hua Lu Karlsson verfasserin aut In Applied Sciences MDPI AG, 2012 9(2019), 20, p 4418 (DE-627)737287640 (DE-600)2704225-X 20763417 nnns volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2019 20, p 4418
allfieldsSound	10.3390/app9204418 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040552500 (DE-599)DOAJ8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Barouch Giechaskiel verfasserin aut Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation. heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry Tero Lähde verfasserin aut Matthias Schwelberger verfasserin aut Timo Kleinbach verfasserin aut Helge Roske verfasserin aut Enrico Teti verfasserin aut Tim van den Bos verfasserin aut Patrick Neils verfasserin aut Christophe Delacroix verfasserin aut Tobias Jakobsson verfasserin aut Hua Lu Karlsson verfasserin aut In Applied Sciences MDPI AG, 2012 9(2019), 20, p 4418 (DE-627)737287640 (DE-600)2704225-X 20763417 nnns volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418 https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2019 20, p 4418
language	English
source	In Applied Sciences 9(2019), 20, p 4418 volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418
sourceStr	In Applied Sciences 9(2019), 20, p 4418 volume:9 year:2019 number:20, p 4418
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration Technology T Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) Biology (General) Physics Chemistry
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Applied Sciences
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Barouch Giechaskiel @@aut@@ Tero Lähde @@aut@@ Matthias Schwelberger @@aut@@ Timo Kleinbach @@aut@@ Helge Roske @@aut@@ Enrico Teti @@aut@@ Tim van den Bos @@aut@@ Patrick Neils @@aut@@ Christophe Delacroix @@aut@@ Tobias Jakobsson @@aut@@ Hua Lu Karlsson @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2019-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	737287640
id	DOAJ040552500
language_de	englisch
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One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. 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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Barouch Giechaskiel
spellingShingle	Barouch Giechaskiel misc TA1-2040 misc QH301-705.5 misc QC1-999 misc QD1-999 misc heavy-duty engines misc particle number misc sub-23 nm misc catalytic stripper misc crankcase emissions misc regeneration misc proportional partial flow dilution system misc calibration misc Technology misc T misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Biology (General) misc Physics misc Chemistry Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
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topic_title	TA1-2040 QH301-705.5 QC1-999 QD1-999 Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines heavy-duty engines particle number sub-23 nm catalytic stripper crankcase emissions regeneration proportional partial flow dilution system calibration
topic	misc TA1-2040 misc QH301-705.5 misc QC1-999 misc QD1-999 misc heavy-duty engines misc particle number misc sub-23 nm misc catalytic stripper misc crankcase emissions misc regeneration misc proportional partial flow dilution system misc calibration misc Technology misc T misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Biology (General) misc Physics misc Chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc TA1-2040 misc QH301-705.5 misc QC1-999 misc QD1-999 misc heavy-duty engines misc particle number misc sub-23 nm misc catalytic stripper misc crankcase emissions misc regeneration misc proportional partial flow dilution system misc calibration misc Technology misc T misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Biology (General) misc Physics misc Chemistry
topic_browse	misc TA1-2040 misc QH301-705.5 misc QC1-999 misc QD1-999 misc heavy-duty engines misc particle number misc sub-23 nm misc catalytic stripper misc crankcase emissions misc regeneration misc proportional partial flow dilution system misc calibration misc Technology misc T misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Biology (General) misc Physics misc Chemistry
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title	Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
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title_full	Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
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author_browse	Barouch Giechaskiel Tero Lähde Matthias Schwelberger Timo Kleinbach Helge Roske Enrico Teti Tim van den Bos Patrick Neils Christophe Delacroix Tobias Jakobsson Hua Lu Karlsson
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doi_str_mv	10.3390/app9204418
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	particle number measurements directly from the tailpipe for type approval of heavy-duty engines
callnumber	TA1-2040
title_auth	Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
abstract	The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation.
abstractGer	The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation.
abstract_unstemmed	The type approval of heavy-duty engines requires measurement of particulates downstream of a proportional to the exhaust flow partial flow dilution system. However, for particle number systems, which measure in real time, this is not necessary and a fixed dilution could be used. In order to assess this dilution possibility, an inter-laboratory exercise was conducted, where a “Golden” system measuring directly from the tailpipe with “hot” (150 °C) fixed dilution was compared with the laboratory regulated systems. Additional “Golden” counters were measuring from 10 nm, below the current cut-off size of 23 nm defined in the regulation, in order to collect data below 23 nm and to confirm that the direct sampling is also possible for smaller sizes. Seven diesel engines and two CNG (compressed naturals gas) engines were used in six laboratories. The results of the “Golden” instruments were within 25% in most cases, reaching 40% in two laboratories for both >23 nm and >10 nm. The repeatability of the measurements (10% to 40%) remained the same for both systems with both cut-off sizes. One test with regeneration showed clear difference between the 10 nm systems, indicating that the thermal pre-treatment only with evaporation tube might not be adequate. Another system measuring from the tailpipe with a fixed “cold” (at ambient temperature) dilution gave differences of up to 50% in most cases (on average +26%). Dedicated tests with this system showed that the differences were the same with fixed or proportional dilution, indicating that it is not the concept that resulted in the overestimation, but the calibration of the system. The main conclusion of this study is that direct sampling with fixed dilution from the tailpipe can be introduced in the future regulation.
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container_issue	20, p 4418
title_short	Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204418 https://doaj.org/article/8dbd38054a40482f88108fee75a79da9 https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/9/20/4418 https://doaj.org/toc/2076-3417
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score	7.4018154

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Particle Number Measurements Directly from the Tailpipe for Type Approval of Heavy-Duty Engines

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