Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan

Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee [verfasserIn] Chiu-Mieh Huang [verfasserIn] Li-Chun Chang [verfasserIn] Shih-Wen Wang [verfasserIn] Hsiao-Pei Hsu [verfasserIn] Jung-Yu Liao [verfasserIn] Jong-Long Guo [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy - BMC, 2006, 15(2020), 1, Seite 11
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:2020 ; number:1 ; pages:11

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ040577821

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520			\|a Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment.
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allfields	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040577821 (DE-599)DOAJb8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Charles Tzu-Chi Lee verfasserin aut Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Chiu-Mieh Huang verfasserin aut Li-Chun Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Wen Wang verfasserin aut Hsiao-Pei Hsu verfasserin aut Jung-Yu Liao verfasserin aut Jong-Long Guo verfasserin aut In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy BMC, 2006 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)507908155 (DE-600)2222956-5 1747597X nnns volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2020 1 11
spelling	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040577821 (DE-599)DOAJb8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Charles Tzu-Chi Lee verfasserin aut Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Chiu-Mieh Huang verfasserin aut Li-Chun Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Wen Wang verfasserin aut Hsiao-Pei Hsu verfasserin aut Jung-Yu Liao verfasserin aut Jong-Long Guo verfasserin aut In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy BMC, 2006 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)507908155 (DE-600)2222956-5 1747597X nnns volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2020 1 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040577821 (DE-599)DOAJb8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Charles Tzu-Chi Lee verfasserin aut Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Chiu-Mieh Huang verfasserin aut Li-Chun Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Wen Wang verfasserin aut Hsiao-Pei Hsu verfasserin aut Jung-Yu Liao verfasserin aut Jong-Long Guo verfasserin aut In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy BMC, 2006 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)507908155 (DE-600)2222956-5 1747597X nnns volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2020 1 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040577821 (DE-599)DOAJb8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Charles Tzu-Chi Lee verfasserin aut Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Chiu-Mieh Huang verfasserin aut Li-Chun Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Wen Wang verfasserin aut Hsiao-Pei Hsu verfasserin aut Jung-Yu Liao verfasserin aut Jong-Long Guo verfasserin aut In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy BMC, 2006 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)507908155 (DE-600)2222956-5 1747597X nnns volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2020 1 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 doi (DE-627)DOAJ040577821 (DE-599)DOAJb8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Charles Tzu-Chi Lee verfasserin aut Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment. Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Chiu-Mieh Huang verfasserin aut Li-Chun Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Wen Wang verfasserin aut Hsiao-Pei Hsu verfasserin aut Jung-Yu Liao verfasserin aut Jong-Long Guo verfasserin aut In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy BMC, 2006 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)507908155 (DE-600)2222956-5 1747597X nnns volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 kostenfrei http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 2020 1 11
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source	In Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy 15(2020), 1, Seite 11 volume:15 year:2020 number:1 pages:11
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topic_facet	Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users Public aspects of medicine Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee @@aut@@ Chiu-Mieh Huang @@aut@@ Li-Chun Chang @@aut@@ Shih-Wen Wang @@aut@@ Hsiao-Pei Hsu @@aut@@ Jung-Yu Liao @@aut@@ Jong-Long Guo @@aut@@
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Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. 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author	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
spellingShingle	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee misc RA1-1270 misc HV1-9960 misc Deferred prosecution misc Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation misc Prison sentence misc Employment rate misc Heroin users misc Public aspects of medicine misc Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
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issn	1747597X
topic_title	RA1-1270 HV1-9960 Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan Deferred prosecution Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation Prison sentence Employment rate Heroin users
topic	misc RA1-1270 misc HV1-9960 misc Deferred prosecution misc Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation misc Prison sentence misc Employment rate misc Heroin users misc Public aspects of medicine misc Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
topic_unstemmed	misc RA1-1270 misc HV1-9960 misc Deferred prosecution misc Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation misc Prison sentence misc Employment rate misc Heroin users misc Public aspects of medicine misc Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
topic_browse	misc RA1-1270 misc HV1-9960 misc Deferred prosecution misc Observation and rehabilitation, compulsory rehabilitation misc Prison sentence misc Employment rate misc Heroin users misc Public aspects of medicine misc Social pathology. Social and public welfare. Criminology
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title	Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
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title_full	Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
author_sort	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
journal	Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy
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author_browse	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee Chiu-Mieh Huang Li-Chun Chang Shih-Wen Wang Hsiao-Pei Hsu Jung-Yu Liao Jong-Long Guo
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author-letter	Charles Tzu-Chi Lee
doi_str_mv	10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in taiwan
callnumber	RA1-1270
title_auth	Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
abstract	Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment.
abstractGer	Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background Previous studies have rarely explored the effect of type of sentencing on employment status among illegal heroin users, therefore, we aims to examine the association of the sentencing types and employment outcomes among illegal heroin users in Taiwan. Methods Participants with illegal heroin use were identified through the national prison register system and deferred prosecution system: 2406 with deferred prosecutions, 4741 with observation and rehabilitation, 15 compulsory rehabilitation and 1958 sentenced to prison in calendar 2011. Logistic regression models were built to estimate the effect of sentencing type on unemployment status at 2 years after release. Stratification analysis was conducted to determine the effect of sentencing type based on the offender’s employment status before sentencing. Results Illegal heroin users receiving a prison sentence were more than twice as likely to be unemployed 2 years later than those receiving deferred prosecution. The unemployment rate was also higher for those with observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation than deferred prosecution in the 2 years following sentencing. Males, older users, without a job before sentencing, divorced or widowed and higher prior drug use criminal records were also higher risk of unemployment. Subgroup analysis by prior employment status revealed that being sentenced to prison, observation and rehabilitation and compulsory rehabilitation affected the subsequent employment status only for those heroin users with a job before sentencing. The strength of associations showed dose-dependent relationship between different sentencing types (sentenced to prison< compulsory rehabilitation< observation and rehabilitation) and employment outcomes. Conclusions Illegal heroin users who receive a prison sentence have a much higher risk of unemployment than those who receive deferred prosecution after controlling potential confounders, especially those who had a job before sentencing. The implication is the stronger freedom of punishment, the higher risk of unemployment outcomes. Our study support that illegal heroin user is legally regarded as a patient before being regarded as a criminal, so giving priority to quit addition rather than imprisonment.
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title_short	Prison sentencing increases the risk of unemployment among illegal heroin users in Taiwan
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 https://doaj.org/article/b8445ac168ed4d54a16613d0419180d2 http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13011-020-00320-3 https://doaj.org/toc/1747-597X
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author2	Chiu-Mieh Huang Li-Chun Chang Shih-Wen Wang Hsiao-Pei Hsu Jung-Yu Liao Jong-Long Guo
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up_date	2024-07-03T15:36:21.670Z
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