Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran

Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Zarea Gavgani V [verfasserIn] Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S [verfasserIn] Hanaee J [verfasserIn] Hamishehkar H [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide.

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety - Dove Medical Press, 2010, (2018), Seite 9-19
Übergeordnetes Werk:	year:2018 ; pages:9-19

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ04142946X

Internformat


LEADER	01000caa a22002652 4500
001	DOAJ04142946X
003	DE-627
005	20230308050106.0
007	cr uuu---uuuuu
008	230227s2018 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c
035			\|a (DE-627)DOAJ04142946X
035			\|a (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5
040			\|a DE-627 \|b ger \|c DE-627 \|e rakwb
041			\|a eng
050		0	\|a R5-920
100	0		\|a Zarea Gavgani V \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
264		1	\|c 2018
336			\|a Text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|a Computermedien \|b c \|2 rdamedia
338			\|a Online-Ressource \|b cr \|2 rdacarrier
520			\|a Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability
650		4	\|a Flesch-Dayani Indicator
650		4	\|a Drug Package Insert
650		4	\|a Patient Package Inserts
650		4	\|a Readability
650		4	\|a Pharmaceutical Brochures
650		4	\|a Leaflet
650		4	\|a Drug Guide.
653		0	\|a Medicine (General)
700	0		\|a Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Hanaee J \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Hamishehkar H \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i In \|t Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety \|d Dove Medical Press, 2010 \|g (2018), Seite 9-19 \|w (DE-627)61172586X \|w (DE-600)2520700-3 \|x 11791365 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g year:2018 \|g pages:9-19
856	4	0	\|u https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	0	\|u https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS \|z kostenfrei
856	4	2	\|u https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 \|y Journal toc \|z kostenfrei
912			\|a GBV_USEFLAG_A
912			\|a SYSFLAG_A
912			\|a GBV_DOAJ
912			\|a GBV_ILN_11
912			\|a GBV_ILN_20
912			\|a GBV_ILN_22
912			\|a GBV_ILN_23
912			\|a GBV_ILN_24
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_65
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_74
912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_206
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2003
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
951			\|a AR
952			\|j 2018 \|h 9-19

Indexfelder

author_variant	z g v zgv m q s mqs h j hj h h hh
matchkey_str	article:11791365:2018----::acltnraigaecroptetakg
hierarchy_sort_str	2018
callnumber-subject-code	R
publishDate	2018
allfields	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Zarea Gavgani V verfasserin aut Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General) Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S verfasserin aut Hanaee J verfasserin aut Hamishehkar H verfasserin aut In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dove Medical Press, 2010 (2018), Seite 9-19 (DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3 11791365 nnns year:2018 pages:9-19 https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 kostenfrei https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 9-19
spelling	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Zarea Gavgani V verfasserin aut Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General) Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S verfasserin aut Hanaee J verfasserin aut Hamishehkar H verfasserin aut In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dove Medical Press, 2010 (2018), Seite 9-19 (DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3 11791365 nnns year:2018 pages:9-19 https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 kostenfrei https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 9-19
allfields_unstemmed	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Zarea Gavgani V verfasserin aut Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General) Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S verfasserin aut Hanaee J verfasserin aut Hamishehkar H verfasserin aut In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dove Medical Press, 2010 (2018), Seite 9-19 (DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3 11791365 nnns year:2018 pages:9-19 https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 kostenfrei https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 9-19
allfieldsGer	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Zarea Gavgani V verfasserin aut Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General) Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S verfasserin aut Hanaee J verfasserin aut Hamishehkar H verfasserin aut In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dove Medical Press, 2010 (2018), Seite 9-19 (DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3 11791365 nnns year:2018 pages:9-19 https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 kostenfrei https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 9-19
allfieldsSound	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Zarea Gavgani V verfasserin aut Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General) Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S verfasserin aut Hanaee J verfasserin aut Hamishehkar H verfasserin aut In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety Dove Medical Press, 2010 (2018), Seite 9-19 (DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3 11791365 nnns year:2018 pages:9-19 https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 kostenfrei https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 2018 9-19
language	English
source	In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety (2018), Seite 9-19 year:2018 pages:9-19
sourceStr	In Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety (2018), Seite 9-19 year:2018 pages:9-19
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide. Medicine (General)
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Zarea Gavgani V @@aut@@ Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S @@aut@@ Hanaee J @@aut@@ Hamishehkar H @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	61172586X
id	DOAJ04142946X
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ04142946X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230308050106.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230227s2018 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R5-920</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zarea Gavgani V</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch&ndash;Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th&ndash;11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th&ndash;7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th&ndash;9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch&ndash;Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch&ndash;Dayani readability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Flesch-Dayani Indicator</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Drug Package Insert</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Patient Package Inserts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Readability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Pharmaceutical Brochures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Leaflet</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Drug Guide.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine (General)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hanaee J</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hamishehkar H</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety</subfield><subfield code="d">Dove Medical Press, 2010</subfield><subfield code="g">(2018), Seite 9-19</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)61172586X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2520700-3</subfield><subfield code="x">11791365</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">year:2018</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:9-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_206</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="j">2018</subfield><subfield code="h">9-19</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Zarea Gavgani V
spellingShingle	Zarea Gavgani V misc R5-920 misc Flesch-Dayani Indicator misc Drug Package Insert misc Patient Package Inserts misc Readability misc Pharmaceutical Brochures misc Leaflet misc Drug Guide. misc Medicine (General) Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
authorStr	Zarea Gavgani V
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv	@@773@@(DE-627)61172586X
format	electronic Article
delete_txt_mv	keep
author_role	aut aut aut aut
collection	DOAJ
remote_str	true
callnumber-label	R5-920
illustrated	Not Illustrated
issn	11791365
topic_title	R5-920 Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran Flesch-Dayani Indicator Drug Package Insert Patient Package Inserts Readability Pharmaceutical Brochures Leaflet Drug Guide
topic	misc R5-920 misc Flesch-Dayani Indicator misc Drug Package Insert misc Patient Package Inserts misc Readability misc Pharmaceutical Brochures misc Leaflet misc Drug Guide. misc Medicine (General)
topic_unstemmed	misc R5-920 misc Flesch-Dayani Indicator misc Drug Package Insert misc Patient Package Inserts misc Readability misc Pharmaceutical Brochures misc Leaflet misc Drug Guide. misc Medicine (General)
topic_browse	misc R5-920 misc Flesch-Dayani Indicator misc Drug Package Insert misc Patient Package Inserts misc Readability misc Pharmaceutical Brochures misc Leaflet misc Drug Guide. misc Medicine (General)
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
format_main_str_mv	Text Zeitschrift/Artikel
carriertype_str_mv	cr
hierarchy_parent_title	Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
hierarchy_parent_id	61172586X
hierarchy_top_title	Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
isfreeaccess_txt	true
familylinks_str_mv	(DE-627)61172586X (DE-600)2520700-3
title	Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X (DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5
title_full	Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
author_sort	Zarea Gavgani V
journal	Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
journalStr	Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety
callnumber-first-code	R
lang_code	eng
isOA_bool	true
recordtype	marc
publishDateSort	2018
contenttype_str_mv	txt
container_start_page	9
author_browse	Zarea Gavgani V Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S Hanaee J Hamishehkar H
class	R5-920
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Zarea Gavgani V
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in iran
callnumber	R5-920
title_auth	Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
abstract	Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability
abstractGer	Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability
abstract_unstemmed	Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch–Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th–11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th–7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th–9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch–Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch–Dayani readability
collection_details	GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700
title_short	Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran
url	https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5 https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365
remote_bool	true
author2	Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S Hanaee J Hamishehkar H
author2Str	Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S Hanaee J Hamishehkar H
ppnlink	61172586X
callnumber-subject	R - General Medicine
mediatype_str_mv	c
isOA_txt	true
hochschulschrift_bool	false
callnumber-a	R5-920
up_date	2024-07-03T20:12:37.813Z
_version_	1803590102225518592
fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ04142946X</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20230308050106.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230227s2018 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ04142946X</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJc14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">R5-920</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Zarea Gavgani V</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Vahideh Zarea Gavgani,1,2 Sedigheh Mirzadeh-Qasabeh,1 Jalal Hanaee,3,4 Hadi Hamishehkar5 1Department of Medical Library and Information Sciences, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 2Tabriz Health Service Management Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; 4Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, Nicosia, Cyprus; 5Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Background: The patient package inserts (PPIs), which contain the necessary information about medications intended for patients, need to be expressed in a clear language comprehensible to everyone. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the readability and understandability of the drug package inserts for the inexpert people. Methods: The readability of the 158 PPIs of the 33 drugs, registered and manufactured in Iran, was calculated. The main criterion for selecting PPIs to include in this study was of those top-selling drugs during the year 2015 according to the Social Security Organization in Iran. The PPIs were collected from the pharmacies of the three major cities, namely, Tabriz, Ardabil and Meshgin Shahr. Then, using the Flesch&ndash;Dayani readability (FDR) tool adjusted for the Persian language, the average number of the words and syllables was counted to calculate and grade the readability score of the selected PPIs. Results: This study showed that the average FDR readability score for all the 33 drugs is 52.52, which are graded 10th&ndash;11th. Of the PPIs, 70.89% were difficult to read, and on average, the readability of the PPIs was five times difficult than the standard ones. Only 13.92% PPIs were suitable for the 5th&ndash;7th grade, and 15.19% of the package inserts ranked in the 8th&ndash;9th reading grade. Conclusion: A considerable number of the PPIs in Iran have low readability level and were not suitable for the inexpert readers. Since the treatment cost is very high, people tend to use medications arbitrarily or simply use old prescriptions. This study suggests the necessity of a major improvement in the readability level of the PPIs in order to ensure the usefulness of the PPIs to the majority of the consumers. Keywords: Flesch&ndash;Dayani indicator, drug package insert, patient package inserts, readability, pharmaceutical brochures, leaflet, drug guide, Flesch&ndash;Dayani readability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Flesch-Dayani Indicator</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Drug Package Insert</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Patient Package Inserts</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Readability</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Pharmaceutical Brochures</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Leaflet</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Drug Guide.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Medicine (General)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mirzadeh-Qasabeh S</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hanaee J</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Hamishehkar H</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety</subfield><subfield code="d">Dove Medical Press, 2010</subfield><subfield code="g">(2018), Seite 9-19</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)61172586X</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2520700-3</subfield><subfield code="x">11791365</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">year:2018</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:9-19</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/c14d6c4c70c541d296b70d80cfc1bab5</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.dovepress.com/calculating-reading-ease-score-of-patient-package-inserts-in-iran-peer-reviewed-article-DHPS</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1179-1365</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_11</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_74</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_206</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2003</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="j">2018</subfield><subfield code="h">9-19</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
score	7.3995323

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Schreiben Sie uns!

Calculating reading ease score of patient package inserts in Iran

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Zugang & Verfügbarkeit

Vorhandene Bände

Nicht das Richtige dabei?