Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species

Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to &...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Monika Urbaniak [verfasserIn] Agnieszka Waśkiewicz [verfasserIn] Grzegorz Koczyk [verfasserIn] Lidia Błaszczyk [verfasserIn] Łukasz Stępień [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Fungi - MDPI AG, 2015, 6(2020), 4, p 288
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2020 ; number:4, p 288

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/jof6040288

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ042777151

Internformat


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520			\|a Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order.
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allfields	10.3390/jof6040288 doi (DE-627)DOAJ042777151 (DE-599)DOAJe91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Monika Urbaniak verfasserin aut Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order. <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin Biology (General) Agnieszka Waśkiewicz verfasserin aut Grzegorz Koczyk verfasserin aut Lidia Błaszczyk verfasserin aut Łukasz Stępień verfasserin aut In Journal of Fungi MDPI AG, 2015 6(2020), 4, p 288 (DE-627)796588538 (DE-600)2784229-0 2309608X nnns volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2020 4, p 288
spelling	10.3390/jof6040288 doi (DE-627)DOAJ042777151 (DE-599)DOAJe91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Monika Urbaniak verfasserin aut Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order. <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin Biology (General) Agnieszka Waśkiewicz verfasserin aut Grzegorz Koczyk verfasserin aut Lidia Błaszczyk verfasserin aut Łukasz Stępień verfasserin aut In Journal of Fungi MDPI AG, 2015 6(2020), 4, p 288 (DE-627)796588538 (DE-600)2784229-0 2309608X nnns volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2020 4, p 288
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/jof6040288 doi (DE-627)DOAJ042777151 (DE-599)DOAJe91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Monika Urbaniak verfasserin aut Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order. <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin Biology (General) Agnieszka Waśkiewicz verfasserin aut Grzegorz Koczyk verfasserin aut Lidia Błaszczyk verfasserin aut Łukasz Stępień verfasserin aut In Journal of Fungi MDPI AG, 2015 6(2020), 4, p 288 (DE-627)796588538 (DE-600)2784229-0 2309608X nnns volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2020 4, p 288
allfieldsGer	10.3390/jof6040288 doi (DE-627)DOAJ042777151 (DE-599)DOAJe91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Monika Urbaniak verfasserin aut Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order. <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin Biology (General) Agnieszka Waśkiewicz verfasserin aut Grzegorz Koczyk verfasserin aut Lidia Błaszczyk verfasserin aut Łukasz Stępień verfasserin aut In Journal of Fungi MDPI AG, 2015 6(2020), 4, p 288 (DE-627)796588538 (DE-600)2784229-0 2309608X nnns volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2020 4, p 288
allfieldsSound	10.3390/jof6040288 doi (DE-627)DOAJ042777151 (DE-599)DOAJe91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH301-705.5 Monika Urbaniak verfasserin aut Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order. <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin Biology (General) Agnieszka Waśkiewicz verfasserin aut Grzegorz Koczyk verfasserin aut Lidia Błaszczyk verfasserin aut Łukasz Stępień verfasserin aut In Journal of Fungi MDPI AG, 2015 6(2020), 4, p 288 (DE-627)796588538 (DE-600)2784229-0 2309608X nnns volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288 https://doi.org/10.3390/jof6040288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/e91f44e5577b4b81993326d6b9212323 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/6/4/288 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2309-608X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 6 2020 4, p 288
language	English
source	In Journal of Fungi 6(2020), 4, p 288 volume:6 year:2020 number:4, p 288
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author	Monika Urbaniak
spellingShingle	Monika Urbaniak misc QH301-705.5 misc <i<Trichoderma</i< misc <i<Fusarium</i< misc cyclodepsipeptides misc beauvericin misc Biology (General) Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species
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topic_title	QH301-705.5 Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species <i<Trichoderma</i< <i<Fusarium</i< cyclodepsipeptides beauvericin
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title	Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species
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title_full	Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species
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title_sort	divergence of beauvericin synthase gene among <i<fusarium</i< and <i<trichoderma</i< species
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title_auth	Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species
abstract	Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order.
abstractGer	Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order.
abstract_unstemmed	Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclodepsipeptide mycotoxin, showing insecticidal, antibiotic and antimicrobial activities, as well as inducing apoptosis of cancer cell lines. BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. The highest producers of beauvericin were <i<F. proliferatum</i< and <i<F. nygamai</i<. <i<Trichoderma</i< strains of three species (<i<T. atroviride</i<, <i<T. viride</i<, <i<T. koningiopsis</i<) were minor BEA producers. The study showed beauvericin production by <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< species and high variance of the non-ribosomal peptide synthase gene among fungal species from the <i<Hypocreales</i< order.
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container_issue	4, p 288
title_short	Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species
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BEA can be produced by multiple fungal species, including saprotrophs, plant, insect and human pathogens, particularly belonging to <i<Fusarium</i<, <i<Beauveria</i< and <i<Isaria</i< genera. The ability of <i<Trichoderma</i< species to produce BEA was until now uncertain. Biosynthesis of BEA is governed by a non-ribosomal peptide synthase (NRPS), known as beauvericin synthase (BEAS), which appears to present considerable divergence among different fungal species. In the present study we compared the production of beauvericin among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains using UPLC methods. <i<BEAS</i< fragments were sequenced and analyzed to examine the level of the gene’s divergence between these two genera and confirm the presence of active <i<BEAS</i< copy in <i<Trichoderma</i<. Seventeen strains of twelve species were studied and phylogenetic analysis showed distinctive grouping of <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< strains. 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Divergence of Beauvericin Synthase Gene among <i<Fusarium</i< and <i<Trichoderma</i< Species

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