Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition

Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Madalena Salgado Pirata [verfasserIn] Sandra Correia [verfasserIn] Jorge Canhoto [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Agronomy - MDPI AG, 2012, 12(2022), 5, p 1082
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2022 ; number:5, p 1082

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/agronomy12051082

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ043683258

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allfields	10.3390/agronomy12051082 doi (DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Madalena Salgado Pirata verfasserin aut Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer Agriculture S Sandra Correia verfasserin aut Jorge Canhoto verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 5, p 1082 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:5, p 1082 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 5, p 1082
spelling	10.3390/agronomy12051082 doi (DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Madalena Salgado Pirata verfasserin aut Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer Agriculture S Sandra Correia verfasserin aut Jorge Canhoto verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 5, p 1082 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:5, p 1082 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 5, p 1082
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/agronomy12051082 doi (DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Madalena Salgado Pirata verfasserin aut Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer Agriculture S Sandra Correia verfasserin aut Jorge Canhoto verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 5, p 1082 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:5, p 1082 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 5, p 1082
allfieldsGer	10.3390/agronomy12051082 doi (DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Madalena Salgado Pirata verfasserin aut Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer Agriculture S Sandra Correia verfasserin aut Jorge Canhoto verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 5, p 1082 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:5, p 1082 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 5, p 1082
allfieldsSound	10.3390/agronomy12051082 doi (DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Madalena Salgado Pirata verfasserin aut Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle. chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer Agriculture S Sandra Correia verfasserin aut Jorge Canhoto verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 12(2022), 5, p 1082 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:12 year:2022 number:5, p 1082 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/12/5/1082 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2022 5, p 1082
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topic_title	Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition chlorophyll content controlled-release fertilizer dry biomass in vitro micropropagation quick-release fertilizer
topic	misc chlorophyll content misc controlled-release fertilizer misc dry biomass misc in vitro micropropagation misc quick-release fertilizer misc Agriculture misc S
topic_unstemmed	misc chlorophyll content misc controlled-release fertilizer misc dry biomass misc in vitro micropropagation misc quick-release fertilizer misc Agriculture misc S
topic_browse	misc chlorophyll content misc controlled-release fertilizer misc dry biomass misc in vitro micropropagation misc quick-release fertilizer misc Agriculture misc S
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title	Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ043683258 (DE-599)DOAJc6369013c4e149d294d89d618674c885
title_full	Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition
author_sort	Madalena Salgado Pirata
journal	Agronomy
journalStr	Agronomy
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author_browse	Madalena Salgado Pirata Sandra Correia Jorge Canhoto
container_volume	12
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Madalena Salgado Pirata
doi_str_mv	10.3390/agronomy12051082
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	ex vitro simultaneous acclimatization and rooting of in vitro propagated tamarillo plants (<i<solanum betaceum</i< cav.): effect of the substrate and mineral nutrition
title_auth	Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition
abstract	Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle.
abstractGer	Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle.
abstract_unstemmed	Plants propagated by seed do not ensure genetic uniformity and are sometimes infected with diseases. In Vitro micropropagation techniques are an alternative method to traditional cloning approaches for producing true-to-type and pathogen-free plants. However, due to the particularities of the in vitro environment, these plants face many challenges, often critical to their survival, to adapt to ex vitro conditions. In this context, four substrates and two types of mineral nutrition (quick-release (QRF) and controlled-release (CRF) fertilizers), as well as their absence were evaluated in the process of acclimatization of <i<Solanum betaceum</i< plants. Stomatal conductance (g<sub<s</sub<), chlorophyll content index (CCI), and dry biomass of roots, shoots, and entire plants were the parameters analyzed during the acclimatization. The best crop performance (g<sub<s</sub<, CCI, and dry biomass) were observed in substrates consisting of vermiculite plus the application of mineral nutrients through a CRF, proving that mineral nutrition has the greatest positive impact on the acclimatization process. In these conditions, plants were obtained with a total dry biomass being significantly higher (515.0 mg (QRF) and 635.9 mg (CRF) when compared to the total dry biomass of untreated plants (119.9 mg). The best conditions for this first experiment were replicated in a second test in order to assess the best fertilizer amount suited for plantlet growth. In this case, the best results were obtained with 0.4 g of CRF, in which plants showed a dry biomass of roots (542.7 mg) and a total dry biomass (594.5 mg), which was significantly higher than in the control (183.2 mg and 165.9 mg, respectively) or with other concentrations of CRF (0.8 and 1.6 g). A similar trend was found concerning the CCI (5.3) and g<sub<s</sub< (72.5 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) in which 0.4 g CRF gave also the best results when compared with the control (without CRF) or with 0.8 g (4.7 and 56.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) and 1.6 g (4.7 and 52.2 mmol m<sup<−2</sup< s<sup<−1</sup<) treatments. In general, it was found that tamarillo plantlets acclimatized to 0.4 g of CRF had a faster initial growth and better performance (CCI and g<sub<s</sub<), with plants ready to go to the greenhouse/field more quickly, thus reducing the time to obtain suitable plants for the market and shortening the production cycle.
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container_issue	5, p 1082
title_short	Ex Vitro Simultaneous Acclimatization and Rooting of In Vitro Propagated Tamarillo Plants (<i<Solanum betaceum</i< Cav.): Effect of the Substrate and Mineral Nutrition
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