Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development

Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and...
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Autor*in:	Zhenwei Liu [verfasserIn] Na Zhang [verfasserIn] Yu Zhang [verfasserIn] Yaoqiang Du [verfasserIn] Tao Zhang [verfasserIn] Zhongshan Li [verfasserIn] Jinyu Wu [verfasserIn] Xiaobing Wang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Frontiers in Genetics - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 9(2018)
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2018

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ044433387

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520			\|a Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID.
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allfields	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ044433387 (DE-599)DOAJa8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH426-470 Zhenwei Liu verfasserin aut Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID. intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics Na Zhang verfasserin aut Yu Zhang verfasserin aut Yaoqiang Du verfasserin aut Tao Zhang verfasserin aut Zhongshan Li verfasserin aut Jinyu Wu verfasserin aut Xiaobing Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Genetics Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)65799829X (DE-600)2606823-0 16648021 nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018
spelling	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ044433387 (DE-599)DOAJa8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH426-470 Zhenwei Liu verfasserin aut Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID. intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics Na Zhang verfasserin aut Yu Zhang verfasserin aut Yaoqiang Du verfasserin aut Tao Zhang verfasserin aut Zhongshan Li verfasserin aut Jinyu Wu verfasserin aut Xiaobing Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Genetics Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)65799829X (DE-600)2606823-0 16648021 nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018
allfields_unstemmed	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ044433387 (DE-599)DOAJa8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH426-470 Zhenwei Liu verfasserin aut Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID. intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics Na Zhang verfasserin aut Yu Zhang verfasserin aut Yaoqiang Du verfasserin aut Tao Zhang verfasserin aut Zhongshan Li verfasserin aut Jinyu Wu verfasserin aut Xiaobing Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Genetics Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)65799829X (DE-600)2606823-0 16648021 nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018
allfieldsGer	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ044433387 (DE-599)DOAJa8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH426-470 Zhenwei Liu verfasserin aut Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID. intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics Na Zhang verfasserin aut Yu Zhang verfasserin aut Yaoqiang Du verfasserin aut Tao Zhang verfasserin aut Zhongshan Li verfasserin aut Jinyu Wu verfasserin aut Xiaobing Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Genetics Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)65799829X (DE-600)2606823-0 16648021 nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018
allfieldsSound	10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 doi (DE-627)DOAJ044433387 (DE-599)DOAJa8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH426-470 Zhenwei Liu verfasserin aut Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID. intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics Na Zhang verfasserin aut Yu Zhang verfasserin aut Yaoqiang Du verfasserin aut Tao Zhang verfasserin aut Zhongshan Li verfasserin aut Jinyu Wu verfasserin aut Xiaobing Wang verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Genetics Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)65799829X (DE-600)2606823-0 16648021 nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018
language	English
source	In Frontiers in Genetics 9(2018) volume:9 year:2018
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topic_facet	intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence Genetics
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container_title	Frontiers in Genetics
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Zhenwei Liu @@aut@@ Na Zhang @@aut@@ Yu Zhang @@aut@@ Yaoqiang Du @@aut@@ Tao Zhang @@aut@@ Zhongshan Li @@aut@@ Jinyu Wu @@aut@@ Xiaobing Wang @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2018-01-01T00:00:00Z
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Zhenwei Liu
spellingShingle	Zhenwei Liu misc QH426-470 misc intellectual disability misc de novo mutations misc brain development misc gene prioritization misc molecular convergence misc Genetics Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development
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topic_title	QH426-470 Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development intellectual disability de novo mutations brain development gene prioritization molecular convergence
topic	misc QH426-470 misc intellectual disability misc de novo mutations misc brain development misc gene prioritization misc molecular convergence misc Genetics
topic_unstemmed	misc QH426-470 misc intellectual disability misc de novo mutations misc brain development misc gene prioritization misc molecular convergence misc Genetics
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title	Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development
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title_full	Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development
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title_sort	prioritized high-confidence risk genes for intellectual disability reveal molecular convergence during brain development
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title_auth	Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development
abstract	Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID.
abstractGer	Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID.
abstract_unstemmed	Dissecting the genetic susceptibility to intellectual disability (ID) based on de novo mutations (DNMs) will aid our understanding of the neurobiological and genetic basis of ID. In this study, we identify 63 high-confidence ID genes with q-values < 0.1 based on four background DNM rates and coding DNM data sets from multiple sequencing cohorts. Bioinformatic annotations revealed a higher burden of these 63 ID genes in FMRP targets and CHD8 targets, and these genes show evolutionary constraint against functional genetic variation. Moreover, these ID risk genes were preferentially expressed in the cortical regions from the early fetal to late mid-fetal stages. In particular, a genome-wide weighted co-expression network analysis suggested that ID genes tightly converge onto two biological modules (M1 and M2) during human brain development. Functional annotations showed specific enrichment of chromatin modification and transcriptional regulation for M1 and synaptic function for M2, implying the divergent etiology of the two modules. In addition, we curated 12 additional strong ID risk genes whose molecular interconnectivity with known ID genes (q-values < 0.3) was greater than random. These findings further highlight the biological convergence of ID risk genes and help improve our understanding of the genetic architecture of ID.
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title_short	Prioritized High-Confidence Risk Genes for Intellectual Disability Reveal Molecular Convergence During Brain Development
url	https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349 https://doaj.org/article/a8a81ddfa0354254ac35572e6a358484 https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2018.00349/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-8021
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