Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System

Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Wen-Shiuan Lee [verfasserIn] Jr-Chuan Huang [verfasserIn] Chung-Te Chang [verfasserIn] Shih-Chien Chan [verfasserIn] Ying-San Liou [verfasserIn] Chien-Sen Liao [verfasserIn] Li-Chin Lee [verfasserIn] Jun-Yi Lee [verfasserIn] Yu-Ting Shih [verfasserIn] Meng-Chang Lu [verfasserIn] Pei-Hao Chen [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Water - MDPI AG, 2010, 12(2020), 11, p 2981
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:11, p 2981

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/w12112981

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ046329498

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520			\|a Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies.
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author_variant	w s l wsl j c h jch c t c ctc s c c scc y s l ysl c s l csl l c l lcl j y l jyl y t s yts m c l mcl p h c phc
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allfields	10.3390/w12112981 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046329498 (DE-599)DOAJdfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TC1-978 TD201-500 Wen-Shiuan Lee verfasserin aut Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Jr-Chuan Huang verfasserin aut Chung-Te Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Chien Chan verfasserin aut Ying-San Liou verfasserin aut Chien-Sen Liao verfasserin aut Li-Chin Lee verfasserin aut Jun-Yi Lee verfasserin aut Yu-Ting Shih verfasserin aut Meng-Chang Lu verfasserin aut Pei-Hao Chen verfasserin aut In Water MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 11, p 2981 (DE-627)611729008 (DE-600)2521238-2 20734441 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 11, p 2981
spelling	10.3390/w12112981 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046329498 (DE-599)DOAJdfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TC1-978 TD201-500 Wen-Shiuan Lee verfasserin aut Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Jr-Chuan Huang verfasserin aut Chung-Te Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Chien Chan verfasserin aut Ying-San Liou verfasserin aut Chien-Sen Liao verfasserin aut Li-Chin Lee verfasserin aut Jun-Yi Lee verfasserin aut Yu-Ting Shih verfasserin aut Meng-Chang Lu verfasserin aut Pei-Hao Chen verfasserin aut In Water MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 11, p 2981 (DE-627)611729008 (DE-600)2521238-2 20734441 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 11, p 2981
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/w12112981 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046329498 (DE-599)DOAJdfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TC1-978 TD201-500 Wen-Shiuan Lee verfasserin aut Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Jr-Chuan Huang verfasserin aut Chung-Te Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Chien Chan verfasserin aut Ying-San Liou verfasserin aut Chien-Sen Liao verfasserin aut Li-Chin Lee verfasserin aut Jun-Yi Lee verfasserin aut Yu-Ting Shih verfasserin aut Meng-Chang Lu verfasserin aut Pei-Hao Chen verfasserin aut In Water MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 11, p 2981 (DE-627)611729008 (DE-600)2521238-2 20734441 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 11, p 2981
allfieldsGer	10.3390/w12112981 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046329498 (DE-599)DOAJdfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TC1-978 TD201-500 Wen-Shiuan Lee verfasserin aut Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Jr-Chuan Huang verfasserin aut Chung-Te Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Chien Chan verfasserin aut Ying-San Liou verfasserin aut Chien-Sen Liao verfasserin aut Li-Chin Lee verfasserin aut Jun-Yi Lee verfasserin aut Yu-Ting Shih verfasserin aut Meng-Chang Lu verfasserin aut Pei-Hao Chen verfasserin aut In Water MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 11, p 2981 (DE-627)611729008 (DE-600)2521238-2 20734441 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 11, p 2981
allfieldsSound	10.3390/w12112981 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046329498 (DE-599)DOAJdfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TC1-978 TD201-500 Wen-Shiuan Lee verfasserin aut Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies. dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Jr-Chuan Huang verfasserin aut Chung-Te Chang verfasserin aut Shih-Chien Chan verfasserin aut Ying-San Liou verfasserin aut Chien-Sen Liao verfasserin aut Li-Chin Lee verfasserin aut Jun-Yi Lee verfasserin aut Yu-Ting Shih verfasserin aut Meng-Chang Lu verfasserin aut Pei-Hao Chen verfasserin aut In Water MDPI AG, 2010 12(2020), 11, p 2981 (DE-627)611729008 (DE-600)2521238-2 20734441 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981 https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 11, p 2981
language	English
source	In Water 12(2020), 11, p 2981 volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981
sourceStr	In Water 12(2020), 11, p 2981 volume:12 year:2020 number:11, p 2981
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan Hydraulic engineering Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Water
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Wen-Shiuan Lee @@aut@@ Jr-Chuan Huang @@aut@@ Chung-Te Chang @@aut@@ Shih-Chien Chan @@aut@@ Ying-San Liou @@aut@@ Chien-Sen Liao @@aut@@ Li-Chin Lee @@aut@@ Jun-Yi Lee @@aut@@ Yu-Ting Shih @@aut@@ Meng-Chang Lu @@aut@@ Pei-Hao Chen @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	611729008
id	DOAJ046329498
language_de	englisch
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In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. 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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Wen-Shiuan Lee
spellingShingle	Wen-Shiuan Lee misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) misc redundancy analysis (RDA) misc partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) misc small mountainous rivers (SMRs) misc Taiwan misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
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topic_title	TC1-978 TD201-500 Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) redundancy analysis (RDA) partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) small mountainous rivers (SMRs) Taiwan
topic	misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) misc redundancy analysis (RDA) misc partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) misc small mountainous rivers (SMRs) misc Taiwan misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
topic_unstemmed	misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) misc redundancy analysis (RDA) misc partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) misc small mountainous rivers (SMRs) misc Taiwan misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
topic_browse	misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) misc redundancy analysis (RDA) misc partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) misc small mountainous rivers (SMRs) misc Taiwan misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
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title	Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
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title_full	Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
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author_browse	Wen-Shiuan Lee Jr-Chuan Huang Chung-Te Chang Shih-Chien Chan Ying-San Liou Chien-Sen Liao Li-Chin Lee Jun-Yi Lee Yu-Ting Shih Meng-Chang Lu Pei-Hao Chen
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author-letter	Wen-Shiuan Lee
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title_sort	interaction among controlling factors on riverine din export in small mountainous rivers of taiwan: inseparable human-landscape system
callnumber	TC1-978
title_auth	Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
abstract	Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies.
abstractGer	Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies.
abstract_unstemmed	Increasing anthropogenic nitrogen (N) emission via different pathways has shown prominent impact on aquatic ecosystems for decades, but the effects of interaction among climate-, landscape- and human-associated variables on riverine DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen, mainly NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< and NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup<) export are unclear. In this study, the data of 43 watersheds with a wide range of climate-, landscape- and human-associated gradients across Taiwan were evaluated with partial redundancy analysis (pRDA) to examine their interactive controls on riverine DIN export. Results show that the annual riverine DIN export in Taiwan is approximately 3100 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup<, spanning from 230 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in less disturbed watersheds (eastern and central Taiwan) to 10,000 kg-N km<sup<−2</sup< yr<sup<−1</sup< in watersheds with intensive human intervention (southwestern and northern Taiwan). NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< is generally the single dominant form of DIN, while NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< renders significance in disturbed watersheds. Nearly all environmental variables display a positive correlation with DIN export, except for landscape setting variables (e.g., slope, area, channel length), which show a negative relationship. In terms of seasonal pattern, climate and human-landscape variables are related to NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export independently in the wet season, yet in the dry season climate-human variables jointly dominate NO<sub<3</sub<<sup<−</sup< export. Meanwhile, human-landscape (LH) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of LH < 0.60) control NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in both seasons, and human-associated (H) variables (λ<sub<1</sub< of H = 0.13) have a minor effect on NH<sub<4</sub<<sup<+</sup< exports in dry season. Precisely, the contribution of controlling variables on DIN export vary with species and seasons, indicating water quality management could be time-dependent, which should be taken into consideration for designing mitigation strategies.
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title_short	Interaction among Controlling Factors on Riverine DIN Export in Small Mountainous Rivers of Taiwan: Inseparable Human-Landscape System
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/w12112981 https://doaj.org/article/dfd4c4d5eae347fa86d85c51f90c6b7b https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/12/11/2981 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441
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