Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples

Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be med...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Kavitha Prabhu [verfasserIn] Sunil Rao [verfasserIn] Venkatakrishna Rao [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2011

Schlagwörter:	clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Laboratory Physicians - Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011, 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2011 ; number:01 ; pages:025-027

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.4103/0974-2727.78558

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ046868585

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520			\|a Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients.
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allfields	10.4103/0974-2727.78558 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046868585 (DE-599)DOAJf46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kavitha Prabhu verfasserin aut Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients. clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype Medicine R Sunil Rao verfasserin aut Venkatakrishna Rao verfasserin aut In Journal of Laboratory Physicians Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027 (DE-627)584400470 (DE-600)2461120-7 09747826 nnns volume:3 year:2011 number:01 pages:025-027 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b kostenfrei http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2011 01 025-027
spelling	10.4103/0974-2727.78558 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046868585 (DE-599)DOAJf46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kavitha Prabhu verfasserin aut Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients. clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype Medicine R Sunil Rao verfasserin aut Venkatakrishna Rao verfasserin aut In Journal of Laboratory Physicians Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027 (DE-627)584400470 (DE-600)2461120-7 09747826 nnns volume:3 year:2011 number:01 pages:025-027 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b kostenfrei http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2011 01 025-027
allfields_unstemmed	10.4103/0974-2727.78558 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046868585 (DE-599)DOAJf46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kavitha Prabhu verfasserin aut Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients. clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype Medicine R Sunil Rao verfasserin aut Venkatakrishna Rao verfasserin aut In Journal of Laboratory Physicians Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027 (DE-627)584400470 (DE-600)2461120-7 09747826 nnns volume:3 year:2011 number:01 pages:025-027 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b kostenfrei http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2011 01 025-027
allfieldsGer	10.4103/0974-2727.78558 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046868585 (DE-599)DOAJf46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kavitha Prabhu verfasserin aut Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients. clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype Medicine R Sunil Rao verfasserin aut Venkatakrishna Rao verfasserin aut In Journal of Laboratory Physicians Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027 (DE-627)584400470 (DE-600)2461120-7 09747826 nnns volume:3 year:2011 number:01 pages:025-027 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b kostenfrei http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2011 01 025-027
allfieldsSound	10.4103/0974-2727.78558 doi (DE-627)DOAJ046868585 (DE-599)DOAJf46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Kavitha Prabhu verfasserin aut Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples 2011 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients. clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype Medicine R Sunil Rao verfasserin aut Venkatakrishna Rao verfasserin aut In Journal of Laboratory Physicians Thieme Medical and Scientific Publishers Pvt. Ltd., 2011 3(2011), 01, Seite 025-027 (DE-627)584400470 (DE-600)2461120-7 09747826 nnns volume:3 year:2011 number:01 pages:025-027 https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b kostenfrei http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 3 2011 01 025-027
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author	Kavitha Prabhu
spellingShingle	Kavitha Prabhu misc clindamycin resistance misc constitutive mlsb phenotype misc inducible mlsb phenotype misc mrsa misc ms phenotype misc Medicine misc R Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples
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topic_title	Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples clindamycin resistance constitutive mlsb phenotype inducible mlsb phenotype mrsa ms phenotype
topic	misc clindamycin resistance misc constitutive mlsb phenotype misc inducible mlsb phenotype misc mrsa misc ms phenotype misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc clindamycin resistance misc constitutive mlsb phenotype misc inducible mlsb phenotype misc mrsa misc ms phenotype misc Medicine misc R
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title	Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples
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title_full	Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples
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title_sort	inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical samples
title_auth	Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples
abstract	Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients.
abstractGer	Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients.
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction: The resistance to antimicrobial agents among Staphylococci is an increasing problem. This has led to renewed interest in the usage of Macrolide-Lincosamide-Streptogramin B (MLS B ) antibiotics to treat Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections. The resistance to macrolide can be mediated by msr A gene coding for efflux mechanism or via erm gene encoding for enzymes that confer inducible or constitutive resistance to MLS B antibiotics. In vitro routine tests for clindamycin susceptibility may fail to detect inducible clindamycin resistance due to erm genes resulting in treatment failure, thus necessitating the need to detect such resistance by a simple D test on a routine basis. Materials and Methods : One hundred and ninety S. aureus isolates were subjected to routine antibiotic susceptibility testing including oxacillin (1 µg) and cefoxitin (30 µg) by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Inducible resistance to clindamycin in S. aureus was tested by ′D test′ as per CLSI guidelines. Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. This study showed that D test should be used as a mandatory method in routine disc diffusion testing to detect inducible clindamycin resistance in Staphylococci for the optimum treatment of patients.
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title_short	Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples
url	https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-2727.78558 https://doaj.org/article/f46d8cb3cf77485dbd157240b118520b http://www.thieme-connect.de/DOI/DOI?10.4103/0974-2727.78558 https://doaj.org/toc/0974-2727 https://doaj.org/toc/0974-7826
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Results: Twenty (10%) isolates showed inducible clindamycin resistance, 18 (9%) showed constitutive resistance while remaining 16 (8%) showed MS phenotype. Inducible resistance and constitutive resistance were found to be higher in MRSA as compared to MSSA (20%, 16% and 6%, 6%, respectively). Conclusion : Clindamycin is kept as a reserve drug and is usually advocated in severe MRSA infections depending upon the antimicrobial susceptibility results. 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Inducible Clindamycin Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Clinical Samples

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