Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility

Cognitive flexibility – the ability to adjust one’s behavior to changing environmental demands – is crucial for controlled behavior. However, the term ‘cognitive flexibility’ is used heterogeneously, and associations between cognitive flexibility and other facets of flexible behavior have only rarely been studied systematically. To resolve some of these conceptual uncertainties, we directly compared cognitive flexibility (cue-instructed switching between two affectively neutral tasks), affective flexibility (switching between a neutral and an affective task using emotional stimuli), and feedback-based flexibility (non-cued, feedback-dependent switching between two neutral tasks). Three experimental paradigms were established that share as many procedural features (in terms of stimuli and/or task rules) as possible and administered in a pre-registered study plan (N = 100). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the efficiency of cognitive and affective task switching (response time switch costs). Feedback-based flexibility (measured as mean number of errors after rule reversals) did not correlate with task switching efficiency in the other paradigms, but selectively with the effectiveness of affective switching (error rate costs when switching from neutral to emotion task). While preregistered confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided no clear evidence for a shared factor underlying the efficiency of switching in all three domains of flexibility, an exploratory CFA suggested commonalities regarding switching effectiveness (accuracy-based switch costs). We propose shared mechanisms controlling the 'efficiency' of cue-dependent task switching across domains, while the relationship to feedback-based flexibility may depend on mechanisms controlling switching 'effectiveness'. Our results call for a more stringent conceptual differentiation between different variants of psychological flexibility. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Dominik Kraft [verfasserIn] Lena Rademacher [verfasserIn] Cindy Eckart [verfasserIn] Christian J. Fiebach [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	cognitive flexibility affective flexibility feedback-based flexibility switching executive function

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Cognition - Ubiquity Press, 2018, 3(2020), 1
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:3 ; year:2020 ; number:1

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.5334/joc.120

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ047081724

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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Dominik Kraft @@aut@@ Lena Rademacher @@aut@@ Cindy Eckart @@aut@@ Christian J. Fiebach @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	B - Philosophy, Psychology, Religion
author	Dominik Kraft
spellingShingle	Dominik Kraft misc BF309-499 misc cognitive flexibility misc affective flexibility misc feedback-based flexibility misc switching misc executive function misc Consciousness. Cognition Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility
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topic_title	BF309-499 Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility cognitive flexibility affective flexibility feedback-based flexibility switching executive function
topic	misc BF309-499 misc cognitive flexibility misc affective flexibility misc feedback-based flexibility misc switching misc executive function misc Consciousness. Cognition
topic_unstemmed	misc BF309-499 misc cognitive flexibility misc affective flexibility misc feedback-based flexibility misc switching misc executive function misc Consciousness. Cognition
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title	Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility
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title_sort	cognitive, affective, and feedback-based flexibility – disentangling shared and different aspects of three facets of psychological flexibility
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title_auth	Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility
abstract	Cognitive flexibility – the ability to adjust one’s behavior to changing environmental demands – is crucial for controlled behavior. However, the term ‘cognitive flexibility’ is used heterogeneously, and associations between cognitive flexibility and other facets of flexible behavior have only rarely been studied systematically. To resolve some of these conceptual uncertainties, we directly compared cognitive flexibility (cue-instructed switching between two affectively neutral tasks), affective flexibility (switching between a neutral and an affective task using emotional stimuli), and feedback-based flexibility (non-cued, feedback-dependent switching between two neutral tasks). Three experimental paradigms were established that share as many procedural features (in terms of stimuli and/or task rules) as possible and administered in a pre-registered study plan (N = 100). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the efficiency of cognitive and affective task switching (response time switch costs). Feedback-based flexibility (measured as mean number of errors after rule reversals) did not correlate with task switching efficiency in the other paradigms, but selectively with the effectiveness of affective switching (error rate costs when switching from neutral to emotion task). While preregistered confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided no clear evidence for a shared factor underlying the efficiency of switching in all three domains of flexibility, an exploratory CFA suggested commonalities regarding switching effectiveness (accuracy-based switch costs). We propose shared mechanisms controlling the 'efficiency' of cue-dependent task switching across domains, while the relationship to feedback-based flexibility may depend on mechanisms controlling switching 'effectiveness'. Our results call for a more stringent conceptual differentiation between different variants of psychological flexibility.
abstractGer	Cognitive flexibility – the ability to adjust one’s behavior to changing environmental demands – is crucial for controlled behavior. However, the term ‘cognitive flexibility’ is used heterogeneously, and associations between cognitive flexibility and other facets of flexible behavior have only rarely been studied systematically. To resolve some of these conceptual uncertainties, we directly compared cognitive flexibility (cue-instructed switching between two affectively neutral tasks), affective flexibility (switching between a neutral and an affective task using emotional stimuli), and feedback-based flexibility (non-cued, feedback-dependent switching between two neutral tasks). Three experimental paradigms were established that share as many procedural features (in terms of stimuli and/or task rules) as possible and administered in a pre-registered study plan (N = 100). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the efficiency of cognitive and affective task switching (response time switch costs). Feedback-based flexibility (measured as mean number of errors after rule reversals) did not correlate with task switching efficiency in the other paradigms, but selectively with the effectiveness of affective switching (error rate costs when switching from neutral to emotion task). While preregistered confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided no clear evidence for a shared factor underlying the efficiency of switching in all three domains of flexibility, an exploratory CFA suggested commonalities regarding switching effectiveness (accuracy-based switch costs). We propose shared mechanisms controlling the 'efficiency' of cue-dependent task switching across domains, while the relationship to feedback-based flexibility may depend on mechanisms controlling switching 'effectiveness'. Our results call for a more stringent conceptual differentiation between different variants of psychological flexibility.
abstract_unstemmed	Cognitive flexibility – the ability to adjust one’s behavior to changing environmental demands – is crucial for controlled behavior. However, the term ‘cognitive flexibility’ is used heterogeneously, and associations between cognitive flexibility and other facets of flexible behavior have only rarely been studied systematically. To resolve some of these conceptual uncertainties, we directly compared cognitive flexibility (cue-instructed switching between two affectively neutral tasks), affective flexibility (switching between a neutral and an affective task using emotional stimuli), and feedback-based flexibility (non-cued, feedback-dependent switching between two neutral tasks). Three experimental paradigms were established that share as many procedural features (in terms of stimuli and/or task rules) as possible and administered in a pre-registered study plan (N = 100). Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the efficiency of cognitive and affective task switching (response time switch costs). Feedback-based flexibility (measured as mean number of errors after rule reversals) did not correlate with task switching efficiency in the other paradigms, but selectively with the effectiveness of affective switching (error rate costs when switching from neutral to emotion task). While preregistered confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided no clear evidence for a shared factor underlying the efficiency of switching in all three domains of flexibility, an exploratory CFA suggested commonalities regarding switching effectiveness (accuracy-based switch costs). We propose shared mechanisms controlling the 'efficiency' of cue-dependent task switching across domains, while the relationship to feedback-based flexibility may depend on mechanisms controlling switching 'effectiveness'. Our results call for a more stringent conceptual differentiation between different variants of psychological flexibility.
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title_short	Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility
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Cognitive, Affective, and Feedback-Based Flexibility – Disentangling Shared and Different Aspects of Three Facets of Psychological Flexibility

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