First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand
The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swe...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Surachai Pikulkaew [verfasserIn] Khathawat Phatwan [verfasserIn] Wijit Banlunara [verfasserIn] Montira Intanon [verfasserIn] John K. Bernard [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2020 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Viruses - MDPI AG, 2009, 12(2020), 12, p 1400 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:12 ; year:2020 ; number:12, p 1400 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3390/v12121400 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ047349689 |
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10.3390/v12121400 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047349689 (DE-599)DOAJ6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Surachai Pikulkaew verfasserin aut First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai Microbiology Khathawat Phatwan verfasserin aut Wijit Banlunara verfasserin aut Montira Intanon verfasserin aut John K. Bernard verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 12, p 1400 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:12, p 1400 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 12, p 1400 |
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10.3390/v12121400 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047349689 (DE-599)DOAJ6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Surachai Pikulkaew verfasserin aut First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai Microbiology Khathawat Phatwan verfasserin aut Wijit Banlunara verfasserin aut Montira Intanon verfasserin aut John K. Bernard verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 12, p 1400 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:12, p 1400 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 12, p 1400 |
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10.3390/v12121400 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047349689 (DE-599)DOAJ6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Surachai Pikulkaew verfasserin aut First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai Microbiology Khathawat Phatwan verfasserin aut Wijit Banlunara verfasserin aut Montira Intanon verfasserin aut John K. Bernard verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 12, p 1400 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:12, p 1400 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 12, p 1400 |
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10.3390/v12121400 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047349689 (DE-599)DOAJ6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Surachai Pikulkaew verfasserin aut First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai Microbiology Khathawat Phatwan verfasserin aut Wijit Banlunara verfasserin aut Montira Intanon verfasserin aut John K. Bernard verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 12, p 1400 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:12, p 1400 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 12, p 1400 |
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10.3390/v12121400 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047349689 (DE-599)DOAJ6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Surachai Pikulkaew verfasserin aut First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai Microbiology Khathawat Phatwan verfasserin aut Wijit Banlunara verfasserin aut Montira Intanon verfasserin aut John K. Bernard verfasserin aut In Viruses MDPI AG, 2009 12(2020), 12, p 1400 (DE-627)609775871 (DE-600)2516098-9 19994915 nnns volume:12 year:2020 number:12, p 1400 https://doi.org/10.3390/v12121400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6f57d4e2b3dc40d988575f0bd9bd09ab kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/12/12/1400 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1999-4915 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2020 12, p 1400 |
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QR1-502 First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand carp edema virus koi sleepy disease koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< gill Chiang Mai |
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First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
abstract |
The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. |
abstractGer |
The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. |
abstract_unstemmed |
The presence of carp edema virus (CEV) was confirmed in imported ornamental koi in Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. In conclusion, this report confirmed the presence of CEV infection of koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai province, Thailand using pathological and molecular approaches. |
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First Evidence of Carp Edema Virus Infection of Koi <i<Cyprinus carpio</i< in Chiang Mai Province, Thailand |
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The koi showed lethargy, loss of swimming activity, were lying at the bottom of the pond, and gasping at the water’s surface. Some clinical signs such as skin hemorrhages and ulcers, swelling of the primary gill lamella, and necrosis of gill tissue, presented. Clinical examination showed co-infection by opportunistic pathogens including <i<Dactylogyrus</i< sp., <i<Gyrodactylus</i< sp. and <i<Saprolegnia</i< sp. on the skin and gills. Histopathologically, the gill of infected fish showed severe necrosis of epithelial cells and infiltrating of eosinophilic granular cells. Electron microscope examination detected few numbers of virions were present in the cytoplasm of gill tissue which showed an electron dense core with surface membranes worn by surface globular units. Molecular detection of CEV DNA from gill samples of fish was performed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and confirmed by nested-PCR. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that CEV isolate had 99.8% homology with the CEV isolated from South Korea (KY946715) and Germany (KY550420), and was assigned to genogroup IIa. 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