Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams

Stepped spillways have been increasingly used to handle flood releases from large dams associated with hydropower plants, and it is important to evaluate the fluctuating pressure field on the steps. Hydraulic model investigations were conducted on three 53° (1V:0.75H) sloping and relatively large-st...
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Autor*in:	Jorge Matos [verfasserIn] Carolina Kuhn Novakoski [verfasserIn] Rute Ferla [verfasserIn] Marcelo Giulian Marques [verfasserIn] Mauricio Dai Prá [verfasserIn] Alba Valéria Brandão Canellas [verfasserIn] Eder Daniel Teixeira [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Schlagwörter:	dams stepped spillways high-velocity flow fluctuating pressure extreme pressure cavitation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Water - MDPI AG, 2010, 14(2022), 3, p 306
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2022 ; number:3, p 306

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/w14030306

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ047369108

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520			\|a Stepped spillways have been increasingly used to handle flood releases from large dams associated with hydropower plants, and it is important to evaluate the fluctuating pressure field on the steps. Hydraulic model investigations were conducted on three 53° (1V:0.75H) sloping and relatively large-stepped chutes to characterize the mean, fluctuating, and extreme pressures acting on the most critical regions of the step faces, near their outer edges. The pressure development along the chutes is presented, generally indicating an increase of the modulus of pressure coefficients up to the vicinity of the point of inception of air entrainment, and a decrease further downstream. The extreme pressure coefficients along the spillway are fitted by an empirical formula, and the critical conditions potentially leading to cavitation on prototypes are calculated. The correlation between the cavitation index and the friction factor is also applied for predicting the onset of cavitation on prototypes, and the results are compared with the pressure data-based method. Generally, the results obtained from those methods yield typical values for the cavitation index in the vicinity of the point of inception, varying approximately from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively. In light of these results, maximum unit discharges of about 15–20 m<sup<2</sup</s are considered advisable on 53° sloping large-stepped spillways without artificial aeration, for step heights ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 m. For much higher unit discharges, a considerable reach of the spillway may potentially be prone to the risk of cavitation damage.
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Jorge Matos
spellingShingle	Jorge Matos misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dams misc stepped spillways misc high-velocity flow misc fluctuating pressure misc extreme pressure misc cavitation misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams
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topic_title	TC1-978 TD201-500 Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams dams stepped spillways high-velocity flow fluctuating pressure extreme pressure cavitation
topic	misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dams misc stepped spillways misc high-velocity flow misc fluctuating pressure misc extreme pressure misc cavitation misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
topic_unstemmed	misc TC1-978 misc TD201-500 misc dams misc stepped spillways misc high-velocity flow misc fluctuating pressure misc extreme pressure misc cavitation misc Hydraulic engineering misc Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes
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title	Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams
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title_full	Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams
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title_sort	extreme pressures and risk of cavitation in steeply sloping stepped spillways of large dams
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title_auth	Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams
abstract	Stepped spillways have been increasingly used to handle flood releases from large dams associated with hydropower plants, and it is important to evaluate the fluctuating pressure field on the steps. Hydraulic model investigations were conducted on three 53° (1V:0.75H) sloping and relatively large-stepped chutes to characterize the mean, fluctuating, and extreme pressures acting on the most critical regions of the step faces, near their outer edges. The pressure development along the chutes is presented, generally indicating an increase of the modulus of pressure coefficients up to the vicinity of the point of inception of air entrainment, and a decrease further downstream. The extreme pressure coefficients along the spillway are fitted by an empirical formula, and the critical conditions potentially leading to cavitation on prototypes are calculated. The correlation between the cavitation index and the friction factor is also applied for predicting the onset of cavitation on prototypes, and the results are compared with the pressure data-based method. Generally, the results obtained from those methods yield typical values for the cavitation index in the vicinity of the point of inception, varying approximately from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively. In light of these results, maximum unit discharges of about 15–20 m<sup<2</sup</s are considered advisable on 53° sloping large-stepped spillways without artificial aeration, for step heights ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 m. For much higher unit discharges, a considerable reach of the spillway may potentially be prone to the risk of cavitation damage.
abstractGer	Stepped spillways have been increasingly used to handle flood releases from large dams associated with hydropower plants, and it is important to evaluate the fluctuating pressure field on the steps. Hydraulic model investigations were conducted on three 53° (1V:0.75H) sloping and relatively large-stepped chutes to characterize the mean, fluctuating, and extreme pressures acting on the most critical regions of the step faces, near their outer edges. The pressure development along the chutes is presented, generally indicating an increase of the modulus of pressure coefficients up to the vicinity of the point of inception of air entrainment, and a decrease further downstream. The extreme pressure coefficients along the spillway are fitted by an empirical formula, and the critical conditions potentially leading to cavitation on prototypes are calculated. The correlation between the cavitation index and the friction factor is also applied for predicting the onset of cavitation on prototypes, and the results are compared with the pressure data-based method. Generally, the results obtained from those methods yield typical values for the cavitation index in the vicinity of the point of inception, varying approximately from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively. In light of these results, maximum unit discharges of about 15–20 m<sup<2</sup</s are considered advisable on 53° sloping large-stepped spillways without artificial aeration, for step heights ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 m. For much higher unit discharges, a considerable reach of the spillway may potentially be prone to the risk of cavitation damage.
abstract_unstemmed	Stepped spillways have been increasingly used to handle flood releases from large dams associated with hydropower plants, and it is important to evaluate the fluctuating pressure field on the steps. Hydraulic model investigations were conducted on three 53° (1V:0.75H) sloping and relatively large-stepped chutes to characterize the mean, fluctuating, and extreme pressures acting on the most critical regions of the step faces, near their outer edges. The pressure development along the chutes is presented, generally indicating an increase of the modulus of pressure coefficients up to the vicinity of the point of inception of air entrainment, and a decrease further downstream. The extreme pressure coefficients along the spillway are fitted by an empirical formula, and the critical conditions potentially leading to cavitation on prototypes are calculated. The correlation between the cavitation index and the friction factor is also applied for predicting the onset of cavitation on prototypes, and the results are compared with the pressure data-based method. Generally, the results obtained from those methods yield typical values for the cavitation index in the vicinity of the point of inception, varying approximately from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively. In light of these results, maximum unit discharges of about 15–20 m<sup<2</sup</s are considered advisable on 53° sloping large-stepped spillways without artificial aeration, for step heights ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 m. For much higher unit discharges, a considerable reach of the spillway may potentially be prone to the risk of cavitation damage.
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title_short	Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams
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author2	Carolina Kuhn Novakoski Rute Ferla Marcelo Giulian Marques Mauricio Dai Prá Alba Valéria Brandão Canellas Eder Daniel Teixeira
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Generally, the results obtained from those methods yield typical values for the cavitation index in the vicinity of the point of inception, varying approximately from 0.8 to 0.6, respectively. In light of these results, maximum unit discharges of about 15–20 m<sup<2</sup</s are considered advisable on 53° sloping large-stepped spillways without artificial aeration, for step heights ranging from 0.6 to 1.2 m. 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Extreme Pressures and Risk of Cavitation in Steeply Sloping Stepped Spillways of Large Dams

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