Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress

Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling gra...
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Autor*in:	Bingjin Wu [verfasserIn] Jianwen Qiao [verfasserIn] Xiaoming Wang [verfasserIn] Manshuang Liu [verfasserIn] Shengbao Xu [verfasserIn] Daojie Sun [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMC Genomics - BMC, 2003, 22(2021), 1, Seite 11
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:22 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; pages:11

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ047640812

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520			\|a Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.
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allfields	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ047640812 (DE-599)DOAJ35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Bingjin Wu verfasserin aut Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence. Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat Biotechnology Genetics Jianwen Qiao verfasserin aut Xiaoming Wang verfasserin aut Manshuang Liu verfasserin aut Shengbao Xu verfasserin aut Daojie Sun verfasserin aut In BMC Genomics BMC, 2003 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 14712164 nnns volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2021 1 11
spelling	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ047640812 (DE-599)DOAJ35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Bingjin Wu verfasserin aut Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence. Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat Biotechnology Genetics Jianwen Qiao verfasserin aut Xiaoming Wang verfasserin aut Manshuang Liu verfasserin aut Shengbao Xu verfasserin aut Daojie Sun verfasserin aut In BMC Genomics BMC, 2003 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 14712164 nnns volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2021 1 11
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ047640812 (DE-599)DOAJ35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Bingjin Wu verfasserin aut Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence. Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat Biotechnology Genetics Jianwen Qiao verfasserin aut Xiaoming Wang verfasserin aut Manshuang Liu verfasserin aut Shengbao Xu verfasserin aut Daojie Sun verfasserin aut In BMC Genomics BMC, 2003 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 14712164 nnns volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2021 1 11
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ047640812 (DE-599)DOAJ35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Bingjin Wu verfasserin aut Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence. Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat Biotechnology Genetics Jianwen Qiao verfasserin aut Xiaoming Wang verfasserin aut Manshuang Liu verfasserin aut Shengbao Xu verfasserin aut Daojie Sun verfasserin aut In BMC Genomics BMC, 2003 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 14712164 nnns volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2021 1 11
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ047640812 (DE-599)DOAJ35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Bingjin Wu verfasserin aut Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence. Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat Biotechnology Genetics Jianwen Qiao verfasserin aut Xiaoming Wang verfasserin aut Manshuang Liu verfasserin aut Shengbao Xu verfasserin aut Daojie Sun verfasserin aut In BMC Genomics BMC, 2003 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 (DE-627)326644954 (DE-600)2041499-7 14712164 nnns volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 22 2021 1 11
language	English
source	In BMC Genomics 22(2021), 1, Seite 11 volume:22 year:2021 number:1 pages:11
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Bingjin Wu
spellingShingle	Bingjin Wu misc TP248.13-248.65 misc QH426-470 misc Heat stress misc Posttranscriptional regulation misc Codon usage misc AAG frequency misc Wheat misc Biotechnology misc Genetics Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
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topic_title	TP248.13-248.65 QH426-470 Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress Heat stress Posttranscriptional regulation Codon usage AAG frequency Wheat
topic	misc TP248.13-248.65 misc QH426-470 misc Heat stress misc Posttranscriptional regulation misc Codon usage misc AAG frequency misc Wheat misc Biotechnology misc Genetics
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title_full	Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
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title_sort	factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
callnumber	TP248.13-248.65
title_auth	Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
abstract	Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.
abstractGer	Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background Protein content determines the state of cells. The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.
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title_short	Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07560-y https://doaj.org/article/35e72f7ff05741ff97f0b51a36e79cdf https://doaj.org/toc/1471-2164
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The variation in protein abundance is crucial when organisms are in the early stages of heat stress, but the reasons affecting their changes are largely unknown. Results We quantified 47,535 mRNAs and 3742 proteins in the filling grains of wheat in two different thermal environments. The impact of mRNA abundance and sequence features involved in protein translation and degradation on protein expression was evaluated by regression analysis. Transcription, codon usage and amino acid frequency were the main drivers of changes in protein expression under heat stress, and their combined contribution explains 58.2 and 66.4% of the protein variation at 30 and 40 °C (20 °C as control), respectively. Transcription contributes more to alterations in protein content at 40 °C (31%) than at 30 °C (6%). Furthermore, the usage of codon AAG may be closely related to the rapid alteration of proteins under heat stress. The contributions of AAG were 24 and 13% at 30 and 40 °C, respectively. Conclusion In this study, we analyzed the factors affecting the changes in protein expression in the early stage of heat stress and evaluated their influence.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Heat stress</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Posttranscriptional regulation</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Codon usage</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">AAG frequency</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Wheat</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Biotechnology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Genetics</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jianwen Qiao</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield 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Factors affecting the rapid changes of protein under short-term heat stress

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