Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study

Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, ac...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Dina El Sherbiny [verfasserIn] Mary E. K. Wahba [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Taibah University for Science - Taylor & Francis Group, 2016, 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:14 ; year:2020 ; number:1 ; pages:294-304

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ047806281

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520			\|a Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced.
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allfields	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047806281 (DE-599)DOAJf59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 Dina El Sherbiny verfasserin aut Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced. benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution Science (General) Mary E. K. Wahba verfasserin aut In Journal of Taibah University for Science Taylor & Francis Group, 2016 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 (DE-627)835589021 (DE-600)2834710-9 16583655 nnns volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304 https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1658-3655 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020 1 294-304
spelling	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047806281 (DE-599)DOAJf59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 Dina El Sherbiny verfasserin aut Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced. benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution Science (General) Mary E. K. Wahba verfasserin aut In Journal of Taibah University for Science Taylor & Francis Group, 2016 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 (DE-627)835589021 (DE-600)2834710-9 16583655 nnns volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304 https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1658-3655 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020 1 294-304
allfields_unstemmed	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047806281 (DE-599)DOAJf59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 Dina El Sherbiny verfasserin aut Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced. benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution Science (General) Mary E. K. Wahba verfasserin aut In Journal of Taibah University for Science Taylor & Francis Group, 2016 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 (DE-627)835589021 (DE-600)2834710-9 16583655 nnns volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304 https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1658-3655 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020 1 294-304
allfieldsGer	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047806281 (DE-599)DOAJf59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 Dina El Sherbiny verfasserin aut Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced. benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution Science (General) Mary E. K. Wahba verfasserin aut In Journal of Taibah University for Science Taylor & Francis Group, 2016 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 (DE-627)835589021 (DE-600)2834710-9 16583655 nnns volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304 https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1658-3655 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020 1 294-304
allfieldsSound	10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047806281 (DE-599)DOAJf59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Q1-390 Dina El Sherbiny verfasserin aut Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced. benzyl alcohol methyl paraben propyl paraben gradient elution isocratic elution Science (General) Mary E. K. Wahba verfasserin aut In Journal of Taibah University for Science Taylor & Francis Group, 2016 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 (DE-627)835589021 (DE-600)2834710-9 16583655 nnns volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304 https://doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/f59f56aeb58e44528b0e1a85303f858d kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16583655.2020.1736768 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1658-3655 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 14 2020 1 294-304
language	English
source	In Journal of Taibah University for Science 14(2020), 1, Seite 294-304 volume:14 year:2020 number:1 pages:294-304
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spellingShingle	Dina El Sherbiny misc Q1-390 misc benzyl alcohol misc methyl paraben misc propyl paraben misc gradient elution misc isocratic elution misc Science (General) Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study
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title	Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study
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title_full	Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study
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title_sort	development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. a comparative study
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title_auth	Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study
abstract	Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced.
abstractGer	Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced.
abstract_unstemmed	Gradient and isocratic liquid chromatography were applied for the simultaneous determination of three preservatives, namely; benzyl alcohol (BA), methyl paraben (MP) and propyl paraben (PP). Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced.
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title_short	Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study
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Separation for both elution modes was carried out using a C18 column kept at 60°C throughout the analysis, accompanied with a flow rate of 2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Gradient liquid chromatography used a time programme with two solvents (0.1% formic acid and acetonitril), while isocratic elution was performed with 0.1% formic acid: 2-propanol in a ratio of 70:30, v/v. Full validation study was conducted for both separation modes, where both of them were linear over the concentration ranges of 100.0–2000.0, 2.5–100.0, and 2.0–200.0 µg/mL for BA, MP and PP respectively. Using gradient elution, the detection limits for BA, MP, and PP were found to be 50.0, 1.8, and 1.5 µg/mL respectively. The corresponding values in isocratic elution were 60.0, 1.5, and 1.3 µg/mL. On the other hand, the limit of quantification for BA, MP, and PP using gradient mode are 70.0, 2.0, and 1.8 µg/mL respectively. While isocratic elution resulted in corresponding values of: 80.0, 2.3, and 1.7 µg/mL. The accuracy of the proposed method was illustrated from the high percentage recoveries values which were 99.67%, 100.42%, and 99.85% for BA, MP, and PP respectively using gradient mode, with corresponding values of 99.79%, 100.39%, and 99.87% for the isocratic elution mode. In addition, gradient elution was further applied to detect and assay the selected preservatives in different pharmaceutical formulations demonstrating that their quantities are within the stated ranges, and eventually, a comparative overview was introduced.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">benzyl alcohol</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">methyl paraben</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">propyl paraben</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">gradient elution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">isocratic elution</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Science (General)</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mary E. K. 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Development and validation of liquid chromatographic methods for the estimation of the acceptance values of some hazardous preservatives in pharmaceutical formulations. A comparative study

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