Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis

Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kine...
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Autor*in:	Zhi-Wei Liu [verfasserIn] Zhao-Yang Tong [verfasserIn] Bing Liu [verfasserIn] Lan-Qun Hao [verfasserIn] Xi-Hui Mu [verfasserIn] Jin-Ping Zhang [verfasserIn] Chuan Gao [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2015

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: AIP Advances - AIP Publishing LLC, 2011, 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:5 ; year:2015 ; number:4 ; pages:041324-041324-8

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1063/1.4907996

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ047887389

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allfields	10.1063/1.4907996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047887389 (DE-599)DOAJ42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 Zhi-Wei Liu verfasserin aut Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values. Physics Zhao-Yang Tong verfasserin aut Bing Liu verfasserin aut Lan-Qun Hao verfasserin aut Xi-Hui Mu verfasserin aut Jin-Ping Zhang verfasserin aut Chuan Gao verfasserin aut In AIP Advances AIP Publishing LLC, 2011 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8 (DE-627)641391706 (DE-600)2583909-3 21583226 nnns volume:5 year:2015 number:4 pages:041324-041324-8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2015 4 041324-041324-8
spelling	10.1063/1.4907996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047887389 (DE-599)DOAJ42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 Zhi-Wei Liu verfasserin aut Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values. Physics Zhao-Yang Tong verfasserin aut Bing Liu verfasserin aut Lan-Qun Hao verfasserin aut Xi-Hui Mu verfasserin aut Jin-Ping Zhang verfasserin aut Chuan Gao verfasserin aut In AIP Advances AIP Publishing LLC, 2011 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8 (DE-627)641391706 (DE-600)2583909-3 21583226 nnns volume:5 year:2015 number:4 pages:041324-041324-8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2015 4 041324-041324-8
allfields_unstemmed	10.1063/1.4907996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047887389 (DE-599)DOAJ42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 Zhi-Wei Liu verfasserin aut Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values. Physics Zhao-Yang Tong verfasserin aut Bing Liu verfasserin aut Lan-Qun Hao verfasserin aut Xi-Hui Mu verfasserin aut Jin-Ping Zhang verfasserin aut Chuan Gao verfasserin aut In AIP Advances AIP Publishing LLC, 2011 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8 (DE-627)641391706 (DE-600)2583909-3 21583226 nnns volume:5 year:2015 number:4 pages:041324-041324-8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2015 4 041324-041324-8
allfieldsGer	10.1063/1.4907996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047887389 (DE-599)DOAJ42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 Zhi-Wei Liu verfasserin aut Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values. Physics Zhao-Yang Tong verfasserin aut Bing Liu verfasserin aut Lan-Qun Hao verfasserin aut Xi-Hui Mu verfasserin aut Jin-Ping Zhang verfasserin aut Chuan Gao verfasserin aut In AIP Advances AIP Publishing LLC, 2011 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8 (DE-627)641391706 (DE-600)2583909-3 21583226 nnns volume:5 year:2015 number:4 pages:041324-041324-8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2015 4 041324-041324-8
allfieldsSound	10.1063/1.4907996 doi (DE-627)DOAJ047887389 (DE-599)DOAJ42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 Zhi-Wei Liu verfasserin aut Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis 2015 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values. Physics Zhao-Yang Tong verfasserin aut Bing Liu verfasserin aut Lan-Qun Hao verfasserin aut Xi-Hui Mu verfasserin aut Jin-Ping Zhang verfasserin aut Chuan Gao verfasserin aut In AIP Advances AIP Publishing LLC, 2011 5(2015), 4, Seite 041324-041324-8 (DE-627)641391706 (DE-600)2583909-3 21583226 nnns volume:5 year:2015 number:4 pages:041324-041324-8 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 kostenfrei http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2015 4 041324-041324-8
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author	Zhi-Wei Liu
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topic_title	QC1-999 Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
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title	Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
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title_full	Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
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title_sort	piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
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title_auth	Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
abstract	Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values.
abstractGer	Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values.
abstract_unstemmed	Up to now, there has been no report on target molecules detection by a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor. In order to evaluate the test performance and investigate the response dynamic characteristics of a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor, a novel method for ricin detection and kinetic analysis based on a piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor was proposed, where ricin aptamer was immobilised on the microcantilever surface by biotin-avidin binding system. Results showed that the detection limit of ricin was 0.04μg L−1 (S/N ≥ 3). A linear relationship between the response voltage and the concentration of ricin in the range of 0.2μg L−1-40μg L−1 was obtained, with the linear regression equation of ΔUe = 0.904C + 5.852 (n = 5, R = 0.991, p < 0.001). The sensor showed no response for abrin, BSA, and could overcome the influence of complex environmental disruptors, indicating high specificity and good selectivity. Recovery and reproducibility in the result of simulated samples (simulated water, soil, and flour sample) determination met the analysis requirements, which was 90.5∼95.5% and 7.85%∼9.39%, respectively. On this basis, a reaction kinetic model based on ligand-receptor binding and the relationship with response voltage was established. The model could well reflect the dynamic response of the sensor. The correlation coefficient (R) was greater than or equal to 0.9456 (p < 0.001). Response voltage (ΔUe) and response time (t0) obtained from the fitting equation on different concentrations of ricin fitted well with the measured values.
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title_short	Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis
url	https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 https://doaj.org/article/42c67bf8de504c50b0a6e19a572a2da0 http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4907996 https://doaj.org/toc/2158-3226
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Piezoresistive microcantilever aptasensor for ricin detection and kinetic analysis

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