Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda
Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and the...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Zhe Qu [verfasserIn] Thomas C. N. Leung [verfasserIn] Wenyan Nong [verfasserIn] Ho Yin Yip [verfasserIn] Ivy H. T. Lee [verfasserIn] Siu Gin Cheung [verfasserIn] Ngai Sai Ming [verfasserIn] Wai Lok So [verfasserIn] William G. Bendena [verfasserIn] Stephen S. Tobe [verfasserIn] Jerome H. L. Hui [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
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2020 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Frontiers in Marine Science - Frontiers Media S.A., 2015, 7(2020) |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:7 ; year:2020 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ048644552 |
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520 | |a Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. | ||
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10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048644552 (DE-599)DOAJ88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH1-199.5 Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. hemolymph proteomics sesquiterpenoids gut microbiota horseshoe crabs Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Thomas C. N. Leung verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Siu Gin Cheung verfasserin aut Ngai Sai Ming verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut William G. Bendena verfasserin aut Stephen S. Tobe verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Marine Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 7(2020) (DE-627)779393945 (DE-600)2757748-X 22967745 nnns volume:7 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 |
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10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048644552 (DE-599)DOAJ88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH1-199.5 Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. hemolymph proteomics sesquiterpenoids gut microbiota horseshoe crabs Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Thomas C. N. Leung verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Siu Gin Cheung verfasserin aut Ngai Sai Ming verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut William G. Bendena verfasserin aut Stephen S. Tobe verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Marine Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 7(2020) (DE-627)779393945 (DE-600)2757748-X 22967745 nnns volume:7 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 |
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10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048644552 (DE-599)DOAJ88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH1-199.5 Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. hemolymph proteomics sesquiterpenoids gut microbiota horseshoe crabs Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Thomas C. N. Leung verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Siu Gin Cheung verfasserin aut Ngai Sai Ming verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut William G. Bendena verfasserin aut Stephen S. Tobe verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Marine Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 7(2020) (DE-627)779393945 (DE-600)2757748-X 22967745 nnns volume:7 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 |
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10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048644552 (DE-599)DOAJ88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QH1-199.5 Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. hemolymph proteomics sesquiterpenoids gut microbiota horseshoe crabs Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution Zhe Qu verfasserin aut Thomas C. N. Leung verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Wenyan Nong verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ho Yin Yip verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Ivy H. T. Lee verfasserin aut Siu Gin Cheung verfasserin aut Ngai Sai Ming verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut Wai Lok So verfasserin aut William G. Bendena verfasserin aut Stephen S. Tobe verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut Jerome H. L. Hui verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Marine Science Frontiers Media S.A., 2015 7(2020) (DE-627)779393945 (DE-600)2757748-X 22967745 nnns volume:7 year:2020 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2020 |
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hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of horseshoe crabs tachypleus tridentatus and carcinoscorpius rotundicauda |
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Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda |
abstract |
Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. |
abstractGer |
Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Horseshoe crabs are a group of marine chelicerates that contain only four extant species, some of which are endangered. Their hemolymph has been widely used in medical applications for endotoxin detection. Nevertheless, there is limited information on the profiles of their hemolymph proteins and their gut microbial diversity. In this study, we performed the first detailed investigation of the hemolymph proteomics and gut microbiota of two Asian horseshoe crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda. Among the identified proteins being cataloged in the juvenile and adult hemolymph, unexpectedly, sesquiterpenoid signaling pathway proteins including Heat shock protein 83 (HSP83), Chd64, and a juvenile hormone binding protein (JHBP) were revealed. This provides evidence for the presence of functional sesquiterpenoid hormonal systems in these marine chelicerates. consumption of certain horseshoe crab species often leads to tetrodotoxin poisoning and the horseshoe crab is thought to possess a tetrodotoxin resistance mechanism. As such, sodium channels were analyzed and found to have critical amino acid residues that are similar to the toxin resistant pufferfish sodium channels. The source of the toxin is unknown so we investigated the gut microbiota, and found that Clostridium and Vibrio were the most dominant bacteria in T. tridentatus and C. rotundicauda, respectively. Together, this study provides a framework for further understanding of sesquiterpenoids and gut microbiota of these marine chelicerates. |
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title_short |
Hemolymph Proteomics and Gut Microbiota of Horseshoe Crabs Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706 https://doaj.org/article/88cd7182ab774fa38978a1a179ed8e21 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2020.579706/full https://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745 |
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Zhe Qu Thomas C. N. Leung Wenyan Nong Ho Yin Yip Ivy H. T. Lee Siu Gin Cheung Ngai Sai Ming Wai Lok So William G. Bendena Stephen S. Tobe Jerome H. L. Hui |
author2Str |
Zhe Qu Thomas C. N. Leung Wenyan Nong Ho Yin Yip Ivy H. T. Lee Siu Gin Cheung Ngai Sai Ming Wai Lok So William G. Bendena Stephen S. Tobe Jerome H. L. Hui |
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up_date |
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