Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil

Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Ratnajit Saha [verfasserIn] Lakshman Galagedara [verfasserIn] Raymond Thomas [verfasserIn] Muhammad Nadeem [verfasserIn] Kelly Hawboldt [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Agriculture - MDPI AG, 2012, 10(2020), 10, p 471
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2020 ; number:10, p 471

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/agriculture10100471

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ048812110

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allfields	10.3390/agriculture10100471 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048812110 (DE-599)DOAJ2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng S1-972 Ratnajit Saha verfasserin aut Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General) Lakshman Galagedara verfasserin aut Raymond Thomas verfasserin aut Muhammad Nadeem verfasserin aut Kelly Hawboldt verfasserin aut In Agriculture MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 10, p 471 (DE-627)686948173 (DE-600)2651678-0 20770472 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/10/471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 10, p 471
spelling	10.3390/agriculture10100471 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048812110 (DE-599)DOAJ2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng S1-972 Ratnajit Saha verfasserin aut Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General) Lakshman Galagedara verfasserin aut Raymond Thomas verfasserin aut Muhammad Nadeem verfasserin aut Kelly Hawboldt verfasserin aut In Agriculture MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 10, p 471 (DE-627)686948173 (DE-600)2651678-0 20770472 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/10/471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 10, p 471
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/agriculture10100471 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048812110 (DE-599)DOAJ2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng S1-972 Ratnajit Saha verfasserin aut Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General) Lakshman Galagedara verfasserin aut Raymond Thomas verfasserin aut Muhammad Nadeem verfasserin aut Kelly Hawboldt verfasserin aut In Agriculture MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 10, p 471 (DE-627)686948173 (DE-600)2651678-0 20770472 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/10/471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 10, p 471
allfieldsGer	10.3390/agriculture10100471 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048812110 (DE-599)DOAJ2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng S1-972 Ratnajit Saha verfasserin aut Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General) Lakshman Galagedara verfasserin aut Raymond Thomas verfasserin aut Muhammad Nadeem verfasserin aut Kelly Hawboldt verfasserin aut In Agriculture MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 10, p 471 (DE-627)686948173 (DE-600)2651678-0 20770472 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/10/471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 10, p 471
allfieldsSound	10.3390/agriculture10100471 doi (DE-627)DOAJ048812110 (DE-599)DOAJ2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng S1-972 Ratnajit Saha verfasserin aut Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems. granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General) Lakshman Galagedara verfasserin aut Raymond Thomas verfasserin aut Muhammad Nadeem verfasserin aut Kelly Hawboldt verfasserin aut In Agriculture MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 10, p 471 (DE-627)686948173 (DE-600)2651678-0 20770472 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471 https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10100471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2cb4008265074f44998ce484653c8145 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/10/10/471 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2077-0472 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 10, p 471
language	English
source	In Agriculture 10(2020), 10, p 471 volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471
sourceStr	In Agriculture 10(2020), 10, p 471 volume:10 year:2020 number:10, p 471
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil Agriculture (General)
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Agriculture
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ratnajit Saha @@aut@@ Lakshman Galagedara @@aut@@ Raymond Thomas @@aut@@ Muhammad Nadeem @@aut@@ Kelly Hawboldt @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2020-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	686948173
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language_de	englisch
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However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. 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callnumber-first	S - Agriculture
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spellingShingle	Ratnajit Saha misc S1-972 misc granular biochar misc powder biochar misc biochar rates misc topsoil misc E-horizon soil misc mixed soil misc Agriculture (General) Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil
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topic_title	S1-972 Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil granular biochar powder biochar biochar rates topsoil E-horizon soil mixed soil
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title	Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil
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title_full	Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil
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title_sort	investigating the influence of biochar amendment on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soil
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title_auth	Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil
abstract	Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems.
abstractGer	Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems.
abstract_unstemmed	Research into biochar, as an amendment to soil, has increased over the last decade. However, there is still much to understand regarding the effects of biochar type and rates on the physicochemical properties of different soil types. This study aimed to investigate the effects of biochar application on the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils. Soil samples were collected from the research site in Pasadena, Newfoundland, Canada. Experimental treatments consisted of three types of soils (topsoil, E-horizon soil and mixed soil (topsoil 2: E-horizon soil 1)), two biochar types (granular and powder) and four biochar application rates (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 2% on a weight basis). Ten physicochemical parameters (bulk density (BD), porosity, field capacity (FC), plant available water (PAW), water repellency (WR), electrical conductivity (EC), pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total carbon (TC), and nitrogen (N)) were investigated through a total of 72 experimental units. Biochar morphological structure and pore size distribution were examined using a scanning electron microscope, whereas specific surface area was assessed by the Brunauer−Emmett−Teller method. The result indicated that the E-horizon soil was highly acidic compared to control (topsoil) and mixed soils. A significant difference was observed between the control and 2% biochar amendment in all three soil mixtures tested in this experiment. Biochar amendments significantly reduced the soil BD (E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 < mixed soil: 1.34–1.21 < topsoil: 1.31–1.18 g cm<sup<−3</sup<), increased the CEC (mixed soil: 2.83–3.61 < topsoil: 2.61–2.70 < E-horizon: 1.40–1.25 cmol kg<sup<−1</sup<) and total C (topsoil: 2.40–2.41 < mixed soil: 1.74–1.75 < E-horizon: 0.43–0.44%). Water drop penetration tests showed increased WR with increasing biochar doses from 0 to 2% (topsoil: 2.33–4.00 < mixed soil: 2.33–3.33 < E-horizon: 4.00–4.67 s), and all the biochar–soil combinations were classified as slightly-repellent. We found significant effects of biochar application on soil water retention. Porosity increased by 2.8%, FC by 10%, and PAW by 12.9% when the soil was treated with powdered biochar. Additionally, we examined the temporal effect of biochar (0 to 2% doses) on pH and EC and observed an increase in pH (4.3–5.5) and EC (0.0–0.20 dS/m) every day from day 1–day 7. Collectively the study findings suggest 2% powder biochar application rate is the best combination to improve the physicochemical properties of the tested mixed podzolic soil. Granular and powdered biochar was found to be hydrophobic and hydrophilic, respectively. These findings could be helpful to better understand the use of biochar for improving the physicochemical properties of podzolic soils when used for agricultural practices in boreal ecosystems.
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title_short	Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil
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Investigating the Influence of Biochar Amendment on the Physicochemical Properties of Podzolic Soil

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