Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice

Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to b...
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Autor*in:	Thore von Steuben [verfasserIn] Christoph Salewski [verfasserIn] Alexander B. Xepapadeas [verfasserIn] Moritz Mutschler [verfasserIn] Sebastian Spintzyk [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: 3D Printing in Medicine - BMC, 2018, 7(2021), 1, Seite 9
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:7 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; pages:9

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ049321641

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520			\|a Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications.
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700	0		\|a Moritz Mutschler \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Sebastian Spintzyk \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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allfields	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ049321641 (DE-599)DOAJ246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R895-920 Thore von Steuben verfasserin aut Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications. Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Christoph Salewski verfasserin aut Alexander B. Xepapadeas verfasserin aut Moritz Mutschler verfasserin aut Sebastian Spintzyk verfasserin aut In 3D Printing in Medicine BMC, 2018 7(2021), 1, Seite 9 (DE-627)844435171 (DE-600)2843165-0 23656271 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:1 pages:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 1 9
spelling	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ049321641 (DE-599)DOAJ246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R895-920 Thore von Steuben verfasserin aut Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications. Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Christoph Salewski verfasserin aut Alexander B. Xepapadeas verfasserin aut Moritz Mutschler verfasserin aut Sebastian Spintzyk verfasserin aut In 3D Printing in Medicine BMC, 2018 7(2021), 1, Seite 9 (DE-627)844435171 (DE-600)2843165-0 23656271 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:1 pages:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 1 9
allfields_unstemmed	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ049321641 (DE-599)DOAJ246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R895-920 Thore von Steuben verfasserin aut Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications. Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Christoph Salewski verfasserin aut Alexander B. Xepapadeas verfasserin aut Moritz Mutschler verfasserin aut Sebastian Spintzyk verfasserin aut In 3D Printing in Medicine BMC, 2018 7(2021), 1, Seite 9 (DE-627)844435171 (DE-600)2843165-0 23656271 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:1 pages:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 1 9
allfieldsGer	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ049321641 (DE-599)DOAJ246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R895-920 Thore von Steuben verfasserin aut Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications. Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Christoph Salewski verfasserin aut Alexander B. Xepapadeas verfasserin aut Moritz Mutschler verfasserin aut Sebastian Spintzyk verfasserin aut In 3D Printing in Medicine BMC, 2018 7(2021), 1, Seite 9 (DE-627)844435171 (DE-600)2843165-0 23656271 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:1 pages:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 1 9
allfieldsSound	10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ049321641 (DE-599)DOAJ246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R895-920 Thore von Steuben verfasserin aut Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications. Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Christoph Salewski verfasserin aut Alexander B. Xepapadeas verfasserin aut Moritz Mutschler verfasserin aut Sebastian Spintzyk verfasserin aut In 3D Printing in Medicine BMC, 2018 7(2021), 1, Seite 9 (DE-627)844435171 (DE-600)2843165-0 23656271 nnns volume:7 year:2021 number:1 pages:9 https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 7 2021 1 9
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Thore von Steuben @@aut@@ Christoph Salewski @@aut@@ Alexander B. Xepapadeas @@aut@@ Moritz Mutschler @@aut@@ Sebastian Spintzyk @@aut@@
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Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. 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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Thore von Steuben
spellingShingle	Thore von Steuben misc R895-920 misc Material testing misc Needle penetration test misc Rapid prototyping misc Additive manufacturing misc 3D printable silicones misc DIY lab-equipment misc Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
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topic_title	R895-920 Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice Material testing Needle penetration test Rapid prototyping Additive manufacturing 3D printable silicones DIY lab-equipment
topic	misc R895-920 misc Material testing misc Needle penetration test misc Rapid prototyping misc Additive manufacturing misc 3D printable silicones misc DIY lab-equipment misc Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine
topic_unstemmed	misc R895-920 misc Material testing misc Needle penetration test misc Rapid prototyping misc Additive manufacturing misc 3D printable silicones misc DIY lab-equipment misc Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine
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title	Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
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title_full	Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
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title_sort	needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3d printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
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title_auth	Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
abstract	Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications.
abstractGer	Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract Background During cardiogenic shock blood circulation is minimal in the human body and does not suffice to survive. The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. To improve the setup, limitations has been discussed and changes can be implemented without complications.
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title_short	Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice
url	https://doi.org/10.1186/s41205-021-00110-y https://doaj.org/article/246a7299b81b48d1872d536cec2aa1f3 https://doaj.org/toc/2365-6271
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The extracorporeal life support system (ECLS) acts as a miniature heart-lung-machine that can be temporarily implanted over major vessels e.g. at the groin of the patient to bridge cardiogenic shock. To perform this procedure in an emergency, a proper training model is desirable. Therefore, a 3-dimensional-printable (3D) material must be found that mimics large vessel needle penetration properties. A suitable test bench for material comparison is desirable. Methods A test setup was built, which simulated the clinically relevant wall tension in specimens. The principle was derived from an existing standardized needle penetration test. After design, the setup was fabricated by means of 3D printing and mounted onto an universal testing machine. For testing the setup, a 3D printable polymer with low Shore A hardness and porcine aorta were used. The evaluation was made by comparing the curves of the penetration force to the standardized test considering the expected differences. Results 3D printing proved to be suitable for manufacturing the test setup, which finally was able to mimic wall tension as if under blood pressure and penetration angle. The force displacement diagrams showed the expected curves and allowed a conclusion to the mechanical properties of the materials. Although the materials forces deviated between the porcine aorta and the Agilus30 polymer, the graphs showed similar but still characteristic curves. Conclusions The test bench provided the expected results and was able to show the differences between the two materials. 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Needle penetration test - qualifying examination of 3D printable silicones for vascular models in surgical practice

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