Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG
Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Cunbao Liu [verfasserIn] Jialong Qi [verfasserIn] Bin Shan [verfasserIn] Yanbing Ma [verfasserIn] |
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Format: |
E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2018 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Frontiers in Microbiology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2011, 9(2018) |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:9 ; year:2018 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ05210821X |
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520 | |a Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. | ||
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10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ05210821X (DE-599)DOAJdcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Cunbao Liu verfasserin aut Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. tachyplesin FabG unsaturated fatty acids membrane rupture multidrug-resistant bacteria cytotoxicity Microbiology Jialong Qi verfasserin aut Bin Shan verfasserin aut Yanbing Ma verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 |
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10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ05210821X (DE-599)DOAJdcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Cunbao Liu verfasserin aut Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. tachyplesin FabG unsaturated fatty acids membrane rupture multidrug-resistant bacteria cytotoxicity Microbiology Jialong Qi verfasserin aut Bin Shan verfasserin aut Yanbing Ma verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 |
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10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ05210821X (DE-599)DOAJdcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Cunbao Liu verfasserin aut Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. tachyplesin FabG unsaturated fatty acids membrane rupture multidrug-resistant bacteria cytotoxicity Microbiology Jialong Qi verfasserin aut Bin Shan verfasserin aut Yanbing Ma verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 |
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10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ05210821X (DE-599)DOAJdcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Cunbao Liu verfasserin aut Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. tachyplesin FabG unsaturated fatty acids membrane rupture multidrug-resistant bacteria cytotoxicity Microbiology Jialong Qi verfasserin aut Bin Shan verfasserin aut Yanbing Ma verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 |
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10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 doi (DE-627)DOAJ05210821X (DE-599)DOAJdcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QR1-502 Cunbao Liu verfasserin aut Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. tachyplesin FabG unsaturated fatty acids membrane rupture multidrug-resistant bacteria cytotoxicity Microbiology Jialong Qi verfasserin aut Bin Shan verfasserin aut Yanbing Ma verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Microbiology Frontiers Media S.A., 2011 9(2018) (DE-627)642889384 (DE-600)2587354-4 1664302X nnns volume:9 year:2018 https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/dcdffb475eb94f998fb9c61116628c33 kostenfrei http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fmicb.2018.00825/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-302X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2018 |
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Tachyplesin Causes Membrane Instability That Kills Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria by Inhibiting the 3-Ketoacyl Carrier Protein Reductase FabG |
abstract |
Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. |
abstractGer |
Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Tachyplesin is a type of cationic β-hairpin antimicrobial peptide discovered in horseshoe crab approximately 30 years ago that is well known for both its potential antimicrobial activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria and its cytotoxicity to mammalian cells. Though its physical interactions with artificial membranes have been well studied, details of its physiological mechanism of action the physiological consequences of its action remain limited. By using the DNA-binding fluorescent dye propidium iodide to monitor membrane integrity, confocal microscopy to assess the intracellular location of FITC-tagged tachyplesin, and RNA sequencing of the differentially expressed genes in four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) treated with lethal or sublethal concentrations of tachyplesin, we found that compared with levofloxacin-treated bacteria, tachyplesin-treated bacteria showed significant effects on the pathways underlying unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis. Notably, RNA levels of the conserved and essential 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase in this pathway (gene FabG) were elevated in all of the four bacteria after tachyplesin treatment. In vitro tests including surface plasmon resonance and enzyme activity assays showed that tachyplesin could bind and inhibit 3-ketoacyl carrier protein reductase, which was consistent with molecular docking prediction results. As unsaturated fatty acids are important for membrane fluidity, our results provided one possible mechanism to explain how tachyplesin kills bacteria and causes cytotoxicity by targeting membranes, which may be helpful for designing more specific and safer antibiotics based on the function of tachyplesin. |
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