The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE
Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Lin Cai [verfasserIn] Xiaoyun Wan [verfasserIn] Houtse Hsu [verfasserIn] Jiangjun Ran [verfasserIn] Xiangchao Meng [verfasserIn] Zhicai Luo [verfasserIn] Zebing Zhou [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2021 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Scientific Reports - Nature Portfolio, 2011, 11(2021), 1, Seite 13 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:11 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; pages:13 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ052707105 |
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520 | |a Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. | ||
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10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ052707105 (DE-599)DOAJd7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lin Cai verfasserin aut The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. Medicine R Science Q Xiaoyun Wan verfasserin aut Houtse Hsu verfasserin aut Jiangjun Ran verfasserin aut Xiangchao Meng verfasserin aut Zhicai Luo verfasserin aut Zebing Zhou verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 11(2021), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 13 |
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10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ052707105 (DE-599)DOAJd7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lin Cai verfasserin aut The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. Medicine R Science Q Xiaoyun Wan verfasserin aut Houtse Hsu verfasserin aut Jiangjun Ran verfasserin aut Xiangchao Meng verfasserin aut Zhicai Luo verfasserin aut Zebing Zhou verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 11(2021), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 13 |
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10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ052707105 (DE-599)DOAJd7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lin Cai verfasserin aut The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. Medicine R Science Q Xiaoyun Wan verfasserin aut Houtse Hsu verfasserin aut Jiangjun Ran verfasserin aut Xiangchao Meng verfasserin aut Zhicai Luo verfasserin aut Zebing Zhou verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 11(2021), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 13 |
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10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ052707105 (DE-599)DOAJd7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Lin Cai verfasserin aut The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. Medicine R Science Q Xiaoyun Wan verfasserin aut Houtse Hsu verfasserin aut Jiangjun Ran verfasserin aut Xiangchao Meng verfasserin aut Zhicai Luo verfasserin aut Zebing Zhou verfasserin aut In Scientific Reports Nature Portfolio, 2011 11(2021), 1, Seite 13 (DE-627)663366712 (DE-600)2615211-3 20452322 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:1 pages:13 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 1 13 |
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The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE |
abstract |
Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. |
abstractGer |
Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Due to the independence of the gradiometer instrument’s orientation in space, the second invariant $$I_2$$ I 2 of gravity gradients in combination with individual gravity gradients are demonstrated to be valid for gravity field determination. In this contribution, we develop a novel gravity field model named I3GG, which is built mainly based on three novel elements: (1) proposing to utilize the third invariant $$I_3$$ I 3 of the gravity field and steady-state ocean circulation explorer (GOCE) gravity gradient tensor, instead of using the $$I_2$$ I 2 , similar to the previous studies; (2) applying an alternative two-dimensional fast fourier transform (2D FFT) method; (3) showing the advantages of $$I_3$$ I 3 over $$I_2$$ I 2 in the effect of measurement noise from the theoretical and practical computations. For the purpose of implementing the linearization of the third invariant, this study employs the theory of boundary value problems with sphere approximation at an accuracy level of $$O(J_2^2\cdot T_{ij})$$ O ( J 2 2 · T ij ) . In order to efficiently solve the boundary value problems, we proposed an alternative method of 2D FFT, which uses the coherent sampling theory to obtain the relationship between the 2D FFT and the third invariant measurements and uses the pseudo-inverse via QR factorization to transform the 2D Fourier coefficients to spherical harmonic ones. Based on the GOCE gravity gradient data of the nominal mission phase, a novel global gravity field model (I3GG) is derived up to maximum degree/order 240, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 83 km at the equator. Moreover, in order to investigate the differences of gravity field determination between $$I_3$$ I 3 with $$I_2$$ I 2 , we applied the same processing strategy on the second invariant measurements of the GOCE mission and we obtained another gravity field model (I2GG) with a maximum degree of 220, which is 20 degrees lower than that of I3GG. The root-mean-square (RMS) values of geoid differences indicates that the effects of measurement noise of I3GG is about 20% lower than that on I2GG when compared to the gravity field model EGM2008 (Earth Gravitational Model 2008) or EIGEN-5C (EIGEN: European Improved Gravity model of the Earth by New techniques). Then the accuracy of I3GG is evaluated independently by comparison the RMS differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS)/leveling data and the model-derived geoid heights. Meanwhile, the re-calibrated GOCE data released in 2018 is also dealt with and the corresponding result also shows the similar characteristics. |
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title_short |
The earth’s gravity field recovery using the third invariant of the gravity gradient tensor from GOCE |
url |
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81840-1 https://doaj.org/article/d7e9233dd8bc448d9ab3f0dae340d794 https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322 |
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Xiaoyun Wan Houtse Hsu Jiangjun Ran Xiangchao Meng Zhicai Luo Zebing Zhou |
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Xiaoyun Wan Houtse Hsu Jiangjun Ran Xiangchao Meng Zhicai Luo Zebing Zhou |
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