Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash

Production of a high value zeolite from fly ash has been shown to be an avenue for the utilization of South African fly ash which presently constitutes a huge disposal problem. The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that...
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Autor*in:	Leslie F. Petrik [verfasserIn] Tunde V. Ojumu [verfasserIn] Pieter W. Du Plessis [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2013

Schlagwörter:	zeolite Na-P1 zeolite analcime fly ash waste minimization X-ray diffraction atomic emission spectrometry scanning electron microscopy

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Materials - MDPI AG, 2009, 6(2013), 5, Seite 1688-1703
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:6 ; year:2013 ; number:5 ; pages:1688-1703

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ma6051688

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ054749689

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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Leslie F. Petrik
spellingShingle	Leslie F. Petrik misc TK1-9971 misc TA1-2040 misc QH201-278.5 misc QC120-168.85 misc zeolite Na-P1 misc zeolite analcime misc fly ash misc waste minimization misc X-ray diffraction misc atomic emission spectrometry misc scanning electron microscopy misc Technology misc T misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Microscopy misc Descriptive and experimental mechanics Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash
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topic_title	TK1-9971 TA1-2040 QH201-278.5 QC120-168.85 Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash zeolite Na-P1 zeolite analcime fly ash waste minimization X-ray diffraction atomic emission spectrometry scanning electron microscopy
topic	misc TK1-9971 misc TA1-2040 misc QH201-278.5 misc QC120-168.85 misc zeolite Na-P1 misc zeolite analcime misc fly ash misc waste minimization misc X-ray diffraction misc atomic emission spectrometry misc scanning electron microscopy misc Technology misc T misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Microscopy misc Descriptive and experimental mechanics
topic_unstemmed	misc TK1-9971 misc TA1-2040 misc QH201-278.5 misc QC120-168.85 misc zeolite Na-P1 misc zeolite analcime misc fly ash misc waste minimization misc X-ray diffraction misc atomic emission spectrometry misc scanning electron microscopy misc Technology misc T misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Microscopy misc Descriptive and experimental mechanics
topic_browse	misc TK1-9971 misc TA1-2040 misc QH201-278.5 misc QC120-168.85 misc zeolite Na-P1 misc zeolite analcime misc fly ash misc waste minimization misc X-ray diffraction misc atomic emission spectrometry misc scanning electron microscopy misc Technology misc T misc Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering misc Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) misc Microscopy misc Descriptive and experimental mechanics
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title	Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash
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title_full	Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash
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title_sort	waste minimization protocols for the process of synthesizing zeolites from south african coal fly ash
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title_auth	Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash
abstract	Production of a high value zeolite from fly ash has been shown to be an avenue for the utilization of South African fly ash which presently constitutes a huge disposal problem. The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that scale-up synthesis is promising. However, the post-synthesis supernatant waste generated contains high levels of NaOH that may constitute a secondary disposal problem. A waste minimization protocol was developed to reduce the volume of waste generated with a view to enhancing the feasibility of the scale synthesis. Series of experiments were conducted in 100 mL jacketed batch reactors. Fly ash was reacted with 5 Mol NaOH on a 1:1 mass basis during the aging step, followed by hydrothermal treatment in which ultrapure water was added to the slurry. This study shows that by re-introducing the supernatant waste into the experiments in such a way that it supplies the required reagent (NaOH) for the zeolite synthesis, zeolite Na-P1 and analcime can be synthesized. It also shows that the synthesis process can be altered to allow up to 100% re-use of the supernatant waste to yield high value zeolitic products. This study effectively constructed two protocols for the minimization of waste generated during the synthesis of zeolites from South African coal fly ash. This result could be used to establish a basis for legal and environmental aspects involved in the commission of a full-scale plant synthesizing zeolites NaP1 and analcime.
abstractGer	Production of a high value zeolite from fly ash has been shown to be an avenue for the utilization of South African fly ash which presently constitutes a huge disposal problem. The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that scale-up synthesis is promising. However, the post-synthesis supernatant waste generated contains high levels of NaOH that may constitute a secondary disposal problem. A waste minimization protocol was developed to reduce the volume of waste generated with a view to enhancing the feasibility of the scale synthesis. Series of experiments were conducted in 100 mL jacketed batch reactors. Fly ash was reacted with 5 Mol NaOH on a 1:1 mass basis during the aging step, followed by hydrothermal treatment in which ultrapure water was added to the slurry. This study shows that by re-introducing the supernatant waste into the experiments in such a way that it supplies the required reagent (NaOH) for the zeolite synthesis, zeolite Na-P1 and analcime can be synthesized. It also shows that the synthesis process can be altered to allow up to 100% re-use of the supernatant waste to yield high value zeolitic products. This study effectively constructed two protocols for the minimization of waste generated during the synthesis of zeolites from South African coal fly ash. This result could be used to establish a basis for legal and environmental aspects involved in the commission of a full-scale plant synthesizing zeolites NaP1 and analcime.
abstract_unstemmed	Production of a high value zeolite from fly ash has been shown to be an avenue for the utilization of South African fly ash which presently constitutes a huge disposal problem. The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that scale-up synthesis is promising. However, the post-synthesis supernatant waste generated contains high levels of NaOH that may constitute a secondary disposal problem. A waste minimization protocol was developed to reduce the volume of waste generated with a view to enhancing the feasibility of the scale synthesis. Series of experiments were conducted in 100 mL jacketed batch reactors. Fly ash was reacted with 5 Mol NaOH on a 1:1 mass basis during the aging step, followed by hydrothermal treatment in which ultrapure water was added to the slurry. This study shows that by re-introducing the supernatant waste into the experiments in such a way that it supplies the required reagent (NaOH) for the zeolite synthesis, zeolite Na-P1 and analcime can be synthesized. It also shows that the synthesis process can be altered to allow up to 100% re-use of the supernatant waste to yield high value zeolitic products. This study effectively constructed two protocols for the minimization of waste generated during the synthesis of zeolites from South African coal fly ash. This result could be used to establish a basis for legal and environmental aspects involved in the commission of a full-scale plant synthesizing zeolites NaP1 and analcime.
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title_short	Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash
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The synthesis of zeolites Na-P1 and analcime on a micro-scale has been successful and preliminary investigation shows that scale-up synthesis is promising. However, the post-synthesis supernatant waste generated contains high levels of NaOH that may constitute a secondary disposal problem. A waste minimization protocol was developed to reduce the volume of waste generated with a view to enhancing the feasibility of the scale synthesis. Series of experiments were conducted in 100 mL jacketed batch reactors. Fly ash was reacted with 5 Mol NaOH on a 1:1 mass basis during the aging step, followed by hydrothermal treatment in which ultrapure water was added to the slurry. This study shows that by re-introducing the supernatant waste into the experiments in such a way that it supplies the required reagent (NaOH) for the zeolite synthesis, zeolite Na-P1 and analcime can be synthesized. 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Waste Minimization Protocols for the Process of Synthesizing Zeolites from South African Coal Fly Ash

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