ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review
Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Rui Wu [verfasserIn] Jiang Su [verfasserIn] Yu-rong Zou [verfasserIn] Jing Zhu [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2021 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: European Journal of Medical Research - BMC, 2012, 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:26 ; year:2021 ; number:1 ; pages:6 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ055072399 |
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520 | |a Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. | ||
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10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 doi (DE-627)DOAJ055072399 (DE-599)DOAJ94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rui Wu verfasserin aut ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. Systemic sclerosis Vasculitis ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis Medicine R Jiang Su verfasserin aut Yu-rong Zou verfasserin aut Jing Zhu verfasserin aut In European Journal of Medical Research BMC, 2012 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 (DE-627)375977775 (DE-600)2129989-4 2047783X nnns volume:26 year:2021 number:1 pages:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2047-783X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 26 2021 1 6 |
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10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 doi (DE-627)DOAJ055072399 (DE-599)DOAJ94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rui Wu verfasserin aut ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. Systemic sclerosis Vasculitis ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis Medicine R Jiang Su verfasserin aut Yu-rong Zou verfasserin aut Jing Zhu verfasserin aut In European Journal of Medical Research BMC, 2012 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 (DE-627)375977775 (DE-600)2129989-4 2047783X nnns volume:26 year:2021 number:1 pages:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2047-783X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 26 2021 1 6 |
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10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 doi (DE-627)DOAJ055072399 (DE-599)DOAJ94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rui Wu verfasserin aut ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. Systemic sclerosis Vasculitis ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis Medicine R Jiang Su verfasserin aut Yu-rong Zou verfasserin aut Jing Zhu verfasserin aut In European Journal of Medical Research BMC, 2012 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 (DE-627)375977775 (DE-600)2129989-4 2047783X nnns volume:26 year:2021 number:1 pages:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2047-783X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 26 2021 1 6 |
allfieldsGer |
10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 doi (DE-627)DOAJ055072399 (DE-599)DOAJ94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rui Wu verfasserin aut ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. Systemic sclerosis Vasculitis ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis Medicine R Jiang Su verfasserin aut Yu-rong Zou verfasserin aut Jing Zhu verfasserin aut In European Journal of Medical Research BMC, 2012 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 (DE-627)375977775 (DE-600)2129989-4 2047783X nnns volume:26 year:2021 number:1 pages:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2047-783X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 26 2021 1 6 |
allfieldsSound |
10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 doi (DE-627)DOAJ055072399 (DE-599)DOAJ94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Rui Wu verfasserin aut ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. Systemic sclerosis Vasculitis ANCA ANCA-associated vasculitis Medicine R Jiang Su verfasserin aut Yu-rong Zou verfasserin aut Jing Zhu verfasserin aut In European Journal of Medical Research BMC, 2012 26(2021), 1, Seite 6 (DE-627)375977775 (DE-600)2129989-4 2047783X nnns volume:26 year:2021 number:1 pages:6 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/94bbe1a722b34d59a2f85bdf1dead8bb kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1186/s40001-021-00500-2 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2047-783X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 26 2021 1 6 |
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Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. 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ANCA-associated vasculitis overlaps with systemic sclerosis: a case report and literature review |
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Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. |
abstractGer |
Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. |
abstract_unstemmed |
Abstract Background Systemic sclerosis (SSc) and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) both affect the kidney and may cause renal failure. Treatment of AAV is dramatically different from that of SSc renal crisis (SRC). Kidney biopsy is not recommended for diagnosing SRC, but it is the only reliable diagnostic method for AAV. Case presentation Here, a 49-year-old male patient with diffuse SSc presented with acute renal insufficiency and detectable ANCA with myeloperoxidase-specific antibodies. A renal biopsy revealed necrotizing glomerulonephritis and was consistent with AAV. This finding confirms the existence of AAV and SSc overlap syndrome. The patient was treated with intravenous methylprednisolone, intravenous cyclophosphamide, tandem membrane plasma exchange, and hemodialysis. After treatment, his clinical symptoms remained stable, and his creatinine and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have remained normalized as of his most recent follow-up after hospital discharge. Conclusions AAV can overlap with SSc; although this condition is rare, it is associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. Therefore, it is critical to recognize AAV in the setting of worsening renal function due to SSs and provide appropriate treatment. Several clinical features are suggestive of AAV rather than SRC, but renal biopsy is required for accurate diagnosis. |
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