Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars

Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions ha...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	S. E. Milan [verfasserIn] T. B. Jones [verfasserIn] T. R. Robinson [verfasserIn] E. C. Thomas [verfasserIn] T. K. Yeoman [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	1997

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Annales Geophysicae - Copernicus Publications, 2002, 15(1997), Seite 29-39
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:15 ; year:1997 ; pages:29-39

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ056480903

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520			\|a Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter.
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allfields	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ056480903 (DE-599)DOAJc5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 S. E. Milan verfasserin aut Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars 1997 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics T. B. Jones verfasserin aut T. R. Robinson verfasserin aut E. C. Thomas verfasserin aut T. K. Yeoman verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 15(1997), Seite 29-39 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:15 year:1997 pages:29-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 1997 29-39
spelling	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ056480903 (DE-599)DOAJc5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 S. E. Milan verfasserin aut Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars 1997 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics T. B. Jones verfasserin aut T. R. Robinson verfasserin aut E. C. Thomas verfasserin aut T. K. Yeoman verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 15(1997), Seite 29-39 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:15 year:1997 pages:29-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 1997 29-39
allfields_unstemmed	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ056480903 (DE-599)DOAJc5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 S. E. Milan verfasserin aut Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars 1997 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics T. B. Jones verfasserin aut T. R. Robinson verfasserin aut E. C. Thomas verfasserin aut T. K. Yeoman verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 15(1997), Seite 29-39 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:15 year:1997 pages:29-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 1997 29-39
allfieldsGer	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ056480903 (DE-599)DOAJc5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 S. E. Milan verfasserin aut Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars 1997 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics T. B. Jones verfasserin aut T. R. Robinson verfasserin aut E. C. Thomas verfasserin aut T. K. Yeoman verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 15(1997), Seite 29-39 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:15 year:1997 pages:29-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 1997 29-39
allfieldsSound	10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y doi (DE-627)DOAJ056480903 (DE-599)DOAJc5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC1-999 QC801-809 S. E. Milan verfasserin aut Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars 1997 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter. Science Q Physics Geophysics. Cosmic physics T. B. Jones verfasserin aut T. R. Robinson verfasserin aut E. C. Thomas verfasserin aut T. K. Yeoman verfasserin aut In Annales Geophysicae Copernicus Publications, 2002 15(1997), Seite 29-39 (DE-627)25338981X (DE-600)1458425-6 14320576 nnns volume:15 year:1997 pages:29-39 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d kostenfrei https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_267 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_381 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 15 1997 29-39
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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	S. E. Milan
spellingShingle	S. E. Milan misc QC1-999 misc QC801-809 misc Science misc Q misc Physics misc Geophysics. Cosmic physics Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
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topic_title	QC1-999 QC801-809 Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
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title	Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
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title_full	Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
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title_sort	interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the cutlass coherent hf radars
callnumber	QC1-999
title_auth	Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
abstract	Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter.
abstractGer	Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter.
abstract_unstemmed	Interferometric techniques allow the SuperDARN coherent HF radars to determine the elevation angles of returned backscatter, giving information on the altitude of the scatter volume, in the case of ionospheric backscatter, or the reflection altitude, in the case of ground backscatter. Assumptions have to be made in the determination of elevation angles, including the direction of arrival, or azimuth, of the returned signals, usually taken to be the forward look-direction (north) of the radars, specified by the phasing of the antenna arrays. It is shown that this assumption is not always valid in the case of ground backscatter, and that significant returns can be detected from the backward look-direction of the radars. The response of the interferometer to backscatter from behind the radar is modelled and compared with observations. It is found that ground backscatter from a field-of-view that is the mirror image of the forward-looking field-of-view is a common feature of the observations, and this interpretation successfully explains several anomalies in the received backscatter.
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title_short	Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars
url	https://doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-0029-y https://doaj.org/article/c5ab822366144d4db4a7d90192efe29d https://www.ann-geophys.net/15/29/1997/angeo-15-29-1997.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/0992-7689 https://doaj.org/toc/1432-0576
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Interferometric evidence for the observation of ground backscatter originating behind the CUTLASS coherent HF radars

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