Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater

As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-s...
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Autor*in:	Shuai Li [verfasserIn] Yulin Zhang [verfasserIn] Ru Feng [verfasserIn] Haoxuan Yu [verfasserIn] Jilong Pan [verfasserIn] Jiwei Bian [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Bayer process red mud (BRM) red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) environmental safety analysis groundwater environment fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health - MDPI AG, 2005, 18(2021), 8094, p 8094
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:18 ; year:2021 ; number:8094, p 8094

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/ijerph18158094

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ057526850

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author	Shuai Li
spellingShingle	Shuai Li misc Bayer process red mud (BRM) misc red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) misc environmental safety analysis misc groundwater environment misc fuzzy comprehensive evaluation misc Medicine misc R Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater
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topic_title	Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater Bayer process red mud (BRM) red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) environmental safety analysis groundwater environment fuzzy comprehensive evaluation
topic	misc Bayer process red mud (BRM) misc red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) misc environmental safety analysis misc groundwater environment misc fuzzy comprehensive evaluation misc Medicine misc R
topic_unstemmed	misc Bayer process red mud (BRM) misc red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) misc environmental safety analysis misc groundwater environment misc fuzzy comprehensive evaluation misc Medicine misc R
topic_browse	misc Bayer process red mud (BRM) misc red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB) misc environmental safety analysis misc groundwater environment misc fuzzy comprehensive evaluation misc Medicine misc R
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title	Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater
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title_full	Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater
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title_sort	environmental safety analysis of red mud-based cemented backfill on groundwater
title_auth	Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater
abstract	As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-scale industrial application of BRM as a backfilling aggregate for underground mining and simultaneously avoid polluting groundwater, the material characteristics of BRM were analyzed through physical, mechanical, and chemical composition tests. The optimum cement–sand ratio and solid mass concentration of the backfilling were obtained based on several mixture proportion tests. According to the results of bleeding, soaking, and toxic leaching experiments, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the environmental impact of BRM on groundwater. The results show that chemically bound alkaloids that remained in BRM reacted with Ca<sup<2+</sup< in PO 42.5 cement, slowed down the solidification speed, and reduced the early strength of red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB). The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. The bleeding water was diluted by 50–100 times to reach grade I after flowing into the water sump and could be totally recycled for drilling and backfilling, thus causing negligible effects on the groundwater environment.
abstractGer	As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-scale industrial application of BRM as a backfilling aggregate for underground mining and simultaneously avoid polluting groundwater, the material characteristics of BRM were analyzed through physical, mechanical, and chemical composition tests. The optimum cement–sand ratio and solid mass concentration of the backfilling were obtained based on several mixture proportion tests. According to the results of bleeding, soaking, and toxic leaching experiments, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the environmental impact of BRM on groundwater. The results show that chemically bound alkaloids that remained in BRM reacted with Ca<sup<2+</sup< in PO 42.5 cement, slowed down the solidification speed, and reduced the early strength of red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB). The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. The bleeding water was diluted by 50–100 times to reach grade I after flowing into the water sump and could be totally recycled for drilling and backfilling, thus causing negligible effects on the groundwater environment.
abstract_unstemmed	As one of the main industrial solid wastes, there are a large number of free alkaloids, chemically bound alkaloids, fluoride, and heavy metal ions in Bayer process red mud (BRM), which are difficult to remove and easily pollute groundwater as a result of open storage. In order to realize the large-scale industrial application of BRM as a backfilling aggregate for underground mining and simultaneously avoid polluting groundwater, the material characteristics of BRM were analyzed through physical, mechanical, and chemical composition tests. The optimum cement–sand ratio and solid mass concentration of the backfilling were obtained based on several mixture proportion tests. According to the results of bleeding, soaking, and toxic leaching experiments, the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the environmental impact of BRM on groundwater. The results show that chemically bound alkaloids that remained in BRM reacted with Ca<sup<2+</sup< in PO 42.5 cement, slowed down the solidification speed, and reduced the early strength of red mud-based cemented backfill (RMCB). The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. The bleeding water was diluted by 50–100 times to reach grade I after flowing into the water sump and could be totally recycled for drilling and backfilling, thus causing negligible effects on the groundwater environment.
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title_short	Environmental Safety Analysis of Red Mud-Based Cemented Backfill on Groundwater
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The hydration products in RMCB, such as AFT and C-S-H gel, had significant encapsulation, solidification, and precipitation inhibition effects on contaminants, which could reduce the contents of inorganic contaminants in soaking water by 26.8% to 93.8% and the leaching of toxic heavy metal ions by 57.1% to 73.3%. As shown by the results of the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, the degree of pollution of the RMCB in bleeding water belonged to a medium grade Ⅲ, while that in the soaking water belonged to a low grade II. 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