Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?

<h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argume...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Marc Diederichs [verfasserIn] René Glawion [verfasserIn] Peter G Kremsner [verfasserIn] Timo Mitze [verfasserIn] Gernot J Müller [verfasserIn] Dominik Papies [verfasserIn] Felix Schulz [verfasserIn] Klaus Wälde [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2022

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: PLoS ONE - Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007, 17(2022), 3, p e0265207
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:17 ; year:2022 ; number:3, p e0265207

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ057813361

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allfields	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 doi (DE-627)DOAJ057813361 (DE-599)DOAJbe242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Marc Diederichs verfasserin aut Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns? 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions. Medicine R Science Q René Glawion verfasserin aut Peter G Kremsner verfasserin aut Timo Mitze verfasserin aut Gernot J Müller verfasserin aut Dominik Papies verfasserin aut Felix Schulz verfasserin aut Klaus Wälde verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/be242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 3, p e0265207
spelling	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 doi (DE-627)DOAJ057813361 (DE-599)DOAJbe242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Marc Diederichs verfasserin aut Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns? 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions. Medicine R Science Q René Glawion verfasserin aut Peter G Kremsner verfasserin aut Timo Mitze verfasserin aut Gernot J Müller verfasserin aut Dominik Papies verfasserin aut Felix Schulz verfasserin aut Klaus Wälde verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/be242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 3, p e0265207
allfields_unstemmed	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 doi (DE-627)DOAJ057813361 (DE-599)DOAJbe242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Marc Diederichs verfasserin aut Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns? 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions. Medicine R Science Q René Glawion verfasserin aut Peter G Kremsner verfasserin aut Timo Mitze verfasserin aut Gernot J Müller verfasserin aut Dominik Papies verfasserin aut Felix Schulz verfasserin aut Klaus Wälde verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/be242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 3, p e0265207
allfieldsGer	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 doi (DE-627)DOAJ057813361 (DE-599)DOAJbe242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Marc Diederichs verfasserin aut Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns? 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions. Medicine R Science Q René Glawion verfasserin aut Peter G Kremsner verfasserin aut Timo Mitze verfasserin aut Gernot J Müller verfasserin aut Dominik Papies verfasserin aut Felix Schulz verfasserin aut Klaus Wälde verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/be242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 3, p e0265207
allfieldsSound	10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 doi (DE-627)DOAJ057813361 (DE-599)DOAJbe242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Marc Diederichs verfasserin aut Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns? 2022 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier <h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions. Medicine R Science Q René Glawion verfasserin aut Peter G Kremsner verfasserin aut Timo Mitze verfasserin aut Gernot J Müller verfasserin aut Dominik Papies verfasserin aut Felix Schulz verfasserin aut Klaus Wälde verfasserin aut In PLoS ONE Public Library of Science (PLoS), 2007 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 (DE-627)523574592 (DE-600)2267670-3 19326203 nnns volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/be242b142e0a4e04aa1db31279ccc5a5 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265207 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_34 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_235 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2113 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 17 2022 3, p e0265207
language	English
source	In PLoS ONE 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207
sourceStr	In PLoS ONE 17(2022), 3, p e0265207 volume:17 year:2022 number:3, p e0265207
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Medicine R Science Q
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	PLoS ONE
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Marc Diederichs @@aut@@ René Glawion @@aut@@ Peter G Kremsner @@aut@@ Timo Mitze @@aut@@ Gernot J Müller @@aut@@ Dominik Papies @@aut@@ Felix Schulz @@aut@@ Klaus Wälde @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2022-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	523574592
id	DOAJ057813361
language_de	englisch
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author	Marc Diederichs
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topic_title	Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?
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title	Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?
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title_sort	is large-scale rapid cov-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?
title_auth	Is large-scale rapid CoV-2 testing a substitute for lockdowns?
abstract	<h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions.
abstractGer	<h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions.
abstract_unstemmed	<h4<Background</h4<Various forms of contact restrictions have been adopted in response to the Covid-19 pandemic. Around February 2021, rapid testing appeared as a new policy instrument. Some claim it may serve as a substitute for contact restrictions. We study the strength of this argument by evaluating the effects of a unique policy experiment: In March and April 2021, the city of Tübingen set up a testing scheme while relaxing contact restrictions.<h4<Methods</h4<We compare case rates in Tübingen county to an appropriately identified control unit. We employ the synthetic control method. We base interpretations of our findings on an extended SEIR model.<h4<Findings</h4<The experiment led to an increase in the reported case rate. This increase is robust across alternative statistical specifications. This is also due to more testing leading initially to more reported cases. An epidemiological model that corrects for 'more cases due to more testing' and 'reduced testing and reporting during the Easter holiday' confirms that the overall effect of the experiment led to more infections.<h4<Interpretation</h4<The number of rapid tests were not sufficiently high in this experiment to compensate for more contacts and thereby infections caused by relaxing contact restrictions.
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