Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction

Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clari...
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Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Takeshi Miyamoto [verfasserIn] Kosuke Numasawa [verfasserIn] Yutaka Hirata [verfasserIn] Akira Katoh [verfasserIn] Kenichiro Miura [verfasserIn] Seiji Ono [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Physiological Reports - Wiley, 2013, 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:9 ; year:2021 ; number:9 ; pages:n/a-n/a

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.14814/phy2.14833

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ058056602

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520			\|a Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion.
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spelling	10.14814/phy2.14833 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058056602 (DE-599)DOAJd1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Takeshi Miyamoto verfasserin aut Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion. eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task Physiology Kosuke Numasawa verfasserin aut Yutaka Hirata verfasserin aut Akira Katoh verfasserin aut Kenichiro Miura verfasserin aut Seiji Ono verfasserin aut In Physiological Reports Wiley, 2013 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)75243649X (DE-600)2724325-4 2051817X nnns volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2021 9 n/a-n/a
allfields_unstemmed	10.14814/phy2.14833 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058056602 (DE-599)DOAJd1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Takeshi Miyamoto verfasserin aut Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion. eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task Physiology Kosuke Numasawa verfasserin aut Yutaka Hirata verfasserin aut Akira Katoh verfasserin aut Kenichiro Miura verfasserin aut Seiji Ono verfasserin aut In Physiological Reports Wiley, 2013 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)75243649X (DE-600)2724325-4 2051817X nnns volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2021 9 n/a-n/a
allfieldsGer	10.14814/phy2.14833 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058056602 (DE-599)DOAJd1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Takeshi Miyamoto verfasserin aut Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion. eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task Physiology Kosuke Numasawa verfasserin aut Yutaka Hirata verfasserin aut Akira Katoh verfasserin aut Kenichiro Miura verfasserin aut Seiji Ono verfasserin aut In Physiological Reports Wiley, 2013 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)75243649X (DE-600)2724325-4 2051817X nnns volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2021 9 n/a-n/a
allfieldsSound	10.14814/phy2.14833 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058056602 (DE-599)DOAJd1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QP1-981 Takeshi Miyamoto verfasserin aut Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion. eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task Physiology Kosuke Numasawa verfasserin aut Yutaka Hirata verfasserin aut Akira Katoh verfasserin aut Kenichiro Miura verfasserin aut Seiji Ono verfasserin aut In Physiological Reports Wiley, 2013 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a (DE-627)75243649X (DE-600)2724325-4 2051817X nnns volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 kostenfrei https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817X Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_171 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_636 GBV_ILN_2004 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2007 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2026 GBV_ILN_2027 GBV_ILN_2034 GBV_ILN_2037 GBV_ILN_2038 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2049 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2059 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2068 GBV_ILN_2088 GBV_ILN_2106 GBV_ILN_2108 GBV_ILN_2110 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2118 GBV_ILN_2122 GBV_ILN_2143 GBV_ILN_2144 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_2152 GBV_ILN_2153 GBV_ILN_2232 GBV_ILN_2336 GBV_ILN_2470 GBV_ILN_2507 GBV_ILN_2522 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4035 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4046 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4242 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4251 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4333 GBV_ILN_4334 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4336 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2021 9 n/a-n/a
language	English
source	In Physiological Reports 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a
sourceStr	In Physiological Reports 9(2021), 9, Seite n/a-n/a volume:9 year:2021 number:9 pages:n/a-n/a
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task Physiology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Physiological Reports
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Takeshi Miyamoto @@aut@@ Kosuke Numasawa @@aut@@ Yutaka Hirata @@aut@@ Akira Katoh @@aut@@ Kenichiro Miura @@aut@@ Seiji Ono @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	75243649X
id	DOAJ058056602
language_de	englisch
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Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. 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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Takeshi Miyamoto
spellingShingle	Takeshi Miyamoto misc QP1-981 misc eye movement misc fixation misc time perception misc time‐to‐contact task misc Physiology Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
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topic_title	QP1-981 Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction eye movement fixation time perception time‐to‐contact task
topic	misc QP1-981 misc eye movement misc fixation misc time perception misc time‐to‐contact task misc Physiology
topic_unstemmed	misc QP1-981 misc eye movement misc fixation misc time perception misc time‐to‐contact task misc Physiology
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title	Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
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title_full	Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
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author_browse	Takeshi Miyamoto Kosuke Numasawa Yutaka Hirata Akira Katoh Kenichiro Miura Seiji Ono
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title_sort	effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
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title_auth	Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
abstract	Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion.
abstractGer	Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion.
abstract_unstemmed	Abstract The purpose of this study was to determine whether smooth pursuit eye movements affect visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task where observers anticipate the exact instant that a partially occluded target would coincide with a stationary object. Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. Therefore, our results suggest that visual motion prediction using a time‐to‐contact task is affected by both eye movements and motion configuration such as second‐order motion.
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title_short	Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction
url	https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.14833 https://doaj.org/article/d1f23d9779e84c10b43d6c2f75e6c871 https://doaj.org/toc/2051-817X
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Moreover, we attempted to clarify the influence of second‐order motion on visual motion prediction during smooth pursuit. One target object moved to another stationary object (6 deg apart) at constant velocity of 3, 4, and 5 deg/s, and then the two objects disappeared 500 ms after the onset of target motion. The observers estimated the moment the moving object would overlap the stationary object and pressed a button. For the pursuit condition, both a Gaussian window and a random dots texture moved in the same direction at the same speed for the first‐order motion, whereas a Gaussian window moved over a static background composed of random dots texture for the second‐order motion. The results showed that the constant error of the time‐to‐contact shifted to a later response for the pursuit condition compared to the fixation condition, regardless of the object velocity. In addition, during smooth pursuit, the constant error for the second‐order motion shifted to an earlier response compared to the first‐order motion when the object velocity was 3 deg/s, whereas no significant difference was found at 4 and 5 deg/s. 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Effects of smooth pursuit and second‐order stimuli on visual motion prediction

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