Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017

This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Jiemei Liu [verfasserIn] Wenxiang Shen [verfasserIn] Yuan Yuan [verfasserIn] Shikui Dong [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Atmosphere - MDPI AG, 2011, 12(2021), 4, p 463
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:12 ; year:2021 ; number:4, p 463

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/atmos12040463

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ058644407

Internformat


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520			\|a This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.
650		4	\|a aerosol optical properties
650		4	\|a aerosol type
650		4	\|a radiative forcing
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653		0	\|a Meteorology. Climatology
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700	0		\|a Yuan Yuan \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Shikui Dong \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
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allfields	10.3390/atmos12040463 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058644407 (DE-599)DOAJ89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC851-999 Jiemei Liu verfasserin aut Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology Wenxiang Shen verfasserin aut Yuan Yuan verfasserin aut Shikui Dong verfasserin aut In Atmosphere MDPI AG, 2011 12(2021), 4, p 463 (DE-627)657584010 (DE-600)2605928-9 20734433 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/4/463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 4, p 463
spelling	10.3390/atmos12040463 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058644407 (DE-599)DOAJ89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC851-999 Jiemei Liu verfasserin aut Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology Wenxiang Shen verfasserin aut Yuan Yuan verfasserin aut Shikui Dong verfasserin aut In Atmosphere MDPI AG, 2011 12(2021), 4, p 463 (DE-627)657584010 (DE-600)2605928-9 20734433 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/4/463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 4, p 463
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/atmos12040463 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058644407 (DE-599)DOAJ89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC851-999 Jiemei Liu verfasserin aut Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology Wenxiang Shen verfasserin aut Yuan Yuan verfasserin aut Shikui Dong verfasserin aut In Atmosphere MDPI AG, 2011 12(2021), 4, p 463 (DE-627)657584010 (DE-600)2605928-9 20734433 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/4/463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 4, p 463
allfieldsGer	10.3390/atmos12040463 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058644407 (DE-599)DOAJ89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC851-999 Jiemei Liu verfasserin aut Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology Wenxiang Shen verfasserin aut Yuan Yuan verfasserin aut Shikui Dong verfasserin aut In Atmosphere MDPI AG, 2011 12(2021), 4, p 463 (DE-627)657584010 (DE-600)2605928-9 20734433 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/4/463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 4, p 463
allfieldsSound	10.3390/atmos12040463 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058644407 (DE-599)DOAJ89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QC851-999 Jiemei Liu verfasserin aut Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing. aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology Wenxiang Shen verfasserin aut Yuan Yuan verfasserin aut Shikui Dong verfasserin aut In Atmosphere MDPI AG, 2011 12(2021), 4, p 463 (DE-627)657584010 (DE-600)2605928-9 20734433 nnns volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463 https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos12040463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/89aeee2d389545dd9a39c32c78d241cd kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/12/4/463 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4433 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 12 2021 4, p 463
language	English
source	In Atmosphere 12(2021), 4, p 463 volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463
sourceStr	In Atmosphere 12(2021), 4, p 463 volume:12 year:2021 number:4, p 463
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin Meteorology. Climatology
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Atmosphere
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Jiemei Liu @@aut@@ Wenxiang Shen @@aut@@ Yuan Yuan @@aut@@ Shikui Dong @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	657584010
id	DOAJ058644407
language_de	englisch
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Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. 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callnumber-first	Q - Science
author	Jiemei Liu
spellingShingle	Jiemei Liu misc QC851-999 misc aerosol optical properties misc aerosol type misc radiative forcing misc Harbin misc Meteorology. Climatology Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
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topic_title	QC851-999 Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017 aerosol optical properties aerosol type radiative forcing Harbin
topic	misc QC851-999 misc aerosol optical properties misc aerosol type misc radiative forcing misc Harbin misc Meteorology. Climatology
topic_unstemmed	misc QC851-999 misc aerosol optical properties misc aerosol type misc radiative forcing misc Harbin misc Meteorology. Climatology
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title	Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
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title_full	Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
author_sort	Jiemei Liu
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title_sort	optical characteristics and radiative properties of aerosols in harbin, heilongjiang province during 2017
callnumber	QC851-999
title_auth	Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
abstract	This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.
abstractGer	This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.
abstract_unstemmed	This study considers aerosol optical properties and direct radiative forcing over Harbin (126.63° E, 45.75° N), the highest latitude city in Northeast China, during 2017. Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.
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container_issue	4, p 463
title_short	Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017
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Observations based on the CE-318 sun-photometer show that the annual mean values of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 500 nm and the Angstrom exponent (AE) at 440–870 nm over Harbin are respectively <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<0.26</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.20</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<1.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<0.26</mn<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<. Aerosol loading is the highest in the spring followed by winter, and the lowest loading is in autumn. <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<msub<<mrow<<mi<AE</mi<</mrow<<mrow<<mn<440</mn<<mo<–</mo<<mn<870</mn<</mrow<</msub<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< is the highest in summer, second highest in winter, and lowest in autumn. The Santa Barbara DISORT Atmospheric Radiative Transfer (SBDART) model is used to estimate the shortwave aerosol radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere, on the Earth’s surface and in the atmosphere, and the annual mean values are <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<16.36</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<18.42</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<71.01</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<27.37</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula< and <inline-formula<<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"<<semantics<<mrow<<mn<54.65</mn<<mo< </mo<<mo<±</mo<<mo< </mo<<mn<30.62</mn<<msup<<mrow<<mrow<<mo< </mo<<mi<Wm</mi<</mrow<</mrow<<mrow<<mo<−</mo<<mn<2</mn<</mrow<</msup<</mrow<</semantics<</math<</inline-formula<, respectively, which indicate that aerosols cause climate effects of cooling the earth-atmosphere system, cooling the earth’s surface and heating the atmosphere. Four main aerosol types in Harbin are classified via AOD and AE. Specifically, clean continental, mixed type, biomass burning and urban industry, and desert dust aerosols accounted for 51%, 38%, 9%, and 2% of the total, respectively. Aerosol radiative forcing varies greatly in different seasons, and the aerosol load and type from different emission sources have an important influence on the seasonal variation of radiative forcing.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">aerosol optical properties</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">aerosol type</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">radiative forcing</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">Harbin</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Meteorology. 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Optical Characteristics and Radiative Properties of Aerosols in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province during 2017

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