Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk

BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Shameemah Abrahams [verfasserIn] Sarah McFie [verfasserIn] Miguel Lacerda [verfasserIn] Jason Suter [verfasserIn] Alison V September [verfasserIn] Michael Posthumus [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2019

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine - BMJ Publishing Group, 2015, 5(2019), 1
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:5 ; year:2019 ; number:1

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ058876987

Internformat


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520			\|a BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk.
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allfields	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058876987 (DE-599)DOAJ2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Shameemah Abrahams verfasserin aut Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Medicine (General) Sarah McFie verfasserin aut Miguel Lacerda verfasserin aut Jason Suter verfasserin aut Alison V September verfasserin aut Michael Posthumus verfasserin aut In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine BMJ Publishing Group, 2015 5(2019), 1 (DE-627)822101270 (DE-600)2817580-3 20557647 nnns volume:5 year:2019 number:1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a kostenfrei https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2019 1
spelling	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058876987 (DE-599)DOAJ2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Shameemah Abrahams verfasserin aut Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Medicine (General) Sarah McFie verfasserin aut Miguel Lacerda verfasserin aut Jason Suter verfasserin aut Alison V September verfasserin aut Michael Posthumus verfasserin aut In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine BMJ Publishing Group, 2015 5(2019), 1 (DE-627)822101270 (DE-600)2817580-3 20557647 nnns volume:5 year:2019 number:1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a kostenfrei https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2019 1
allfields_unstemmed	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058876987 (DE-599)DOAJ2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Shameemah Abrahams verfasserin aut Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Medicine (General) Sarah McFie verfasserin aut Miguel Lacerda verfasserin aut Jason Suter verfasserin aut Alison V September verfasserin aut Michael Posthumus verfasserin aut In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine BMJ Publishing Group, 2015 5(2019), 1 (DE-627)822101270 (DE-600)2817580-3 20557647 nnns volume:5 year:2019 number:1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a kostenfrei https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2019 1
allfieldsGer	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058876987 (DE-599)DOAJ2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Shameemah Abrahams verfasserin aut Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Medicine (General) Sarah McFie verfasserin aut Miguel Lacerda verfasserin aut Jason Suter verfasserin aut Alison V September verfasserin aut Michael Posthumus verfasserin aut In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine BMJ Publishing Group, 2015 5(2019), 1 (DE-627)822101270 (DE-600)2817580-3 20557647 nnns volume:5 year:2019 number:1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a kostenfrei https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2019 1
allfieldsSound	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 doi (DE-627)DOAJ058876987 (DE-599)DOAJ2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng R5-920 Shameemah Abrahams verfasserin aut Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk. Medicine (General) Sarah McFie verfasserin aut Miguel Lacerda verfasserin aut Jason Suter verfasserin aut Alison V September verfasserin aut Michael Posthumus verfasserin aut In BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine BMJ Publishing Group, 2015 5(2019), 1 (DE-627)822101270 (DE-600)2817580-3 20557647 nnns volume:5 year:2019 number:1 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a kostenfrei https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 5 2019 1
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Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A&gt;G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C&gt;A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T&gt;C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p&lt;0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. 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title_auth	Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk
abstract	BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk.
abstractGer	BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk.
abstract_unstemmed	BackgroundConcussion occurs when biomechanical forces transmitted to the head result in neurological deficits. Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A>G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C>A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T>C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p<0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. Identifying a genetic profile of ‘high risk’ behaviour, together with the development of personalised behavioural training, can potentially reduce concussion risk.
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title_short	Unravelling the interaction between the DRD2 and DRD4 genes, personality traits and concussion risk
url	https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465 https://doaj.org/article/2dcbe6ef221f4f1d8a62e4982161ec7a https://bmjopensem.bmj.com/content/5/1/e000465.full https://doaj.org/toc/2055-7647
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author2	Sarah McFie Miguel Lacerda Jason Suter Alison V September Michael Posthumus
author2Str	Sarah McFie Miguel Lacerda Jason Suter Alison V September Michael Posthumus
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doi_str	10.1136/bmjsem-2018-000465
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up_date	2024-07-03T20:33:39.742Z
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Personality may affect the balance between safe and dangerous play potentially influencing concussion risk. Dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) and dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) genetic polymorphisms were previously associated with personality traits.ObjectivesThis case–control genetic association study investigated the associations of (1) DRD2 and DRD4 genotypes with concussion susceptibility and personality, (2) personality with concussion susceptibility and (3) the statistical model of genotype, personality and concussion susceptibility.MethodsIn total, 138 non-concussed controls and 163 previously concussed cases were recruited from high school (n=135, junior), club and professional rugby teams (n=166, senior). Participants were genotyped for DRD2 rs12364283 (A&gt;G), DRD2 rs1076560 (C&gt;A) and DRD4 rs1800955 (T&gt;C) genetic variants. Statistical analyses including structural equation modelling were performed using the R environment and STATA.ResultsThe rs1800955 CC genotype (p=0.014) and inferred DRD2 (rs12364283–rs1076560)–DRD4 (rs1800955) A–C–C allele combination (p=0.019) were associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors. The rs1800955 TT and CT genotypes were associated with low reward dependence in juniors (p&lt;0.001) and seniors (p=0.010), respectively. High harm avoidance was associated with decreased concussion susceptibility in juniors (p=0.009) and increased susceptibility in seniors (p=0.001). The model showed that a genetic variant was associated with personality while personality was associated with concussion susceptibility.ConclusionThese findings highlight the linear relationship between genetics, personality and concussion susceptibility. 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