Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending

In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds o...
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Lu Bai [verfasserIn] Jun Liu [verfasserIn] Ziang Wang [verfasserIn] Shuanggui Zou [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Metals - MDPI AG, 2012, 11(2021), 8, p 1221
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:11 ; year:2021 ; number:8, p 1221

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/met11081221

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ059557672

Internformat


LEADER	01000caa a22002652 4500
001	DOAJ059557672
003	DE-627
005	20240412163124.0
007	cr uuu---uuuuu
008	230228s2021 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c
024	7		\|a 10.3390/met11081221 \|2 doi
035			\|a (DE-627)DOAJ059557672
035			\|a (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712
040			\|a DE-627 \|b ger \|c DE-627 \|e rakwb
041			\|a eng
050		0	\|a TN1-997
100	0		\|a Lu Bai \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
245	1	0	\|a Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
264		1	\|c 2021
336			\|a Text \|b txt \|2 rdacontent
337			\|a Computermedien \|b c \|2 rdamedia
338			\|a Online-Ressource \|b cr \|2 rdacarrier
520			\|a In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.
650		4	\|a hollow mandrel
650		4	\|a thin-walled tube
650		4	\|a cold bending
650		4	\|a multi-objective optimization
653		0	\|a Mining engineering. Metallurgy
700	0		\|a Jun Liu \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Ziang Wang \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
700	0		\|a Shuanggui Zou \|e verfasserin \|4 aut
773	0	8	\|i In \|t Metals \|d MDPI AG, 2012 \|g 11(2021), 8, p 1221 \|w (DE-627)718627172 \|w (DE-600)2662252-X \|x 20754701 \|7 nnns
773	1	8	\|g volume:11 \|g year:2021 \|g number:8, p 1221
856	4	0	\|u https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	0	\|u https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	0	\|u https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 \|z kostenfrei
856	4	2	\|u https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 \|y Journal toc \|z kostenfrei
912			\|a GBV_USEFLAG_A
912			\|a SYSFLAG_A
912			\|a GBV_DOAJ
912			\|a GBV_ILN_20
912			\|a GBV_ILN_22
912			\|a GBV_ILN_23
912			\|a GBV_ILN_24
912			\|a GBV_ILN_39
912			\|a GBV_ILN_40
912			\|a GBV_ILN_60
912			\|a GBV_ILN_62
912			\|a GBV_ILN_63
912			\|a GBV_ILN_65
912			\|a GBV_ILN_69
912			\|a GBV_ILN_70
912			\|a GBV_ILN_73
912			\|a GBV_ILN_95
912			\|a GBV_ILN_105
912			\|a GBV_ILN_110
912			\|a GBV_ILN_151
912			\|a GBV_ILN_161
912			\|a GBV_ILN_170
912			\|a GBV_ILN_213
912			\|a GBV_ILN_230
912			\|a GBV_ILN_285
912			\|a GBV_ILN_293
912			\|a GBV_ILN_370
912			\|a GBV_ILN_602
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2014
912			\|a GBV_ILN_2055
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4012
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4037
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4112
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4125
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4126
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4249
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4305
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4306
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4307
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4313
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4322
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4323
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4324
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4325
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4335
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4338
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4367
912			\|a GBV_ILN_4700
951			\|a AR
952			\|d 11 \|j 2021 \|e 8, p 1221

Indexfelder

author_variant	l b lb j l jl z w zw s z sz
matchkey_str	article:20754701:2021----::piadsgotehpoaoblmnrlotiwletb
hierarchy_sort_str	2021
callnumber-subject-code	TN
publishDate	2021
allfields	10.3390/met11081221 doi (DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TN1-997 Lu Bai verfasserin aut Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended. hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy Jun Liu verfasserin aut Ziang Wang verfasserin aut Shuanggui Zou verfasserin aut In Metals MDPI AG, 2012 11(2021), 8, p 1221 (DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X 20754701 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 8, p 1221
spelling	10.3390/met11081221 doi (DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TN1-997 Lu Bai verfasserin aut Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended. hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy Jun Liu verfasserin aut Ziang Wang verfasserin aut Shuanggui Zou verfasserin aut In Metals MDPI AG, 2012 11(2021), 8, p 1221 (DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X 20754701 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 8, p 1221
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/met11081221 doi (DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TN1-997 Lu Bai verfasserin aut Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended. hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy Jun Liu verfasserin aut Ziang Wang verfasserin aut Shuanggui Zou verfasserin aut In Metals MDPI AG, 2012 11(2021), 8, p 1221 (DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X 20754701 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 8, p 1221
allfieldsGer	10.3390/met11081221 doi (DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TN1-997 Lu Bai verfasserin aut Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended. hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy Jun Liu verfasserin aut Ziang Wang verfasserin aut Shuanggui Zou verfasserin aut In Metals MDPI AG, 2012 11(2021), 8, p 1221 (DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X 20754701 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 8, p 1221
allfieldsSound	10.3390/met11081221 doi (DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng TN1-997 Lu Bai verfasserin aut Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended. hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy Jun Liu verfasserin aut Ziang Wang verfasserin aut Shuanggui Zou verfasserin aut In Metals MDPI AG, 2012 11(2021), 8, p 1221 (DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X 20754701 nnns volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221 https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 11 2021 8, p 1221
language	English
source	In Metals 11(2021), 8, p 1221 volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221
sourceStr	In Metals 11(2021), 8, p 1221 volume:11 year:2021 number:8, p 1221
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization Mining engineering. Metallurgy
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Metals
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lu Bai @@aut@@ Jun Liu @@aut@@ Ziang Wang @@aut@@ Shuanggui Zou @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	718627172
id	DOAJ059557672
language_de	englisch
fullrecord	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ059557672</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240412163124.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230228s2021 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3390/met11081221</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ059557672</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TN1-997</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lu Bai</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">hollow mandrel</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">thin-walled tube</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">cold bending</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">multi-objective optimization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mining engineering. Metallurgy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jun Liu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ziang Wang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shuanggui Zou</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Metals</subfield><subfield code="d">MDPI AG, 2012</subfield><subfield code="g">11(2021), 8, p 1221</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)718627172</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2662252-X</subfield><subfield code="x">20754701</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:11</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2021</subfield><subfield code="g">number:8, p 1221</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">11</subfield><subfield code="j">2021</subfield><subfield code="e">8, p 1221</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Lu Bai
spellingShingle	Lu Bai misc TN1-997 misc hollow mandrel misc thin-walled tube misc cold bending misc multi-objective optimization misc Mining engineering. Metallurgy Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
authorStr	Lu Bai
ppnlink_with_tag_str_mv	@@773@@(DE-627)718627172
format	electronic Article
delete_txt_mv	keep
author_role	aut aut aut aut
collection	DOAJ
remote_str	true
callnumber-label	TN1-997
illustrated	Not Illustrated
issn	20754701
topic_title	TN1-997 Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending hollow mandrel thin-walled tube cold bending multi-objective optimization
topic	misc TN1-997 misc hollow mandrel misc thin-walled tube misc cold bending misc multi-objective optimization misc Mining engineering. Metallurgy
topic_unstemmed	misc TN1-997 misc hollow mandrel misc thin-walled tube misc cold bending misc multi-objective optimization misc Mining engineering. Metallurgy
topic_browse	misc TN1-997 misc hollow mandrel misc thin-walled tube misc cold bending misc multi-objective optimization misc Mining engineering. Metallurgy
format_facet	Elektronische Aufsätze Aufsätze Elektronische Ressource
format_main_str_mv	Text Zeitschrift/Artikel
carriertype_str_mv	cr
hierarchy_parent_title	Metals
hierarchy_parent_id	718627172
hierarchy_top_title	Metals
isfreeaccess_txt	true
familylinks_str_mv	(DE-627)718627172 (DE-600)2662252-X
title	Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ059557672 (DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712
title_full	Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
author_sort	Lu Bai
journal	Metals
journalStr	Metals
callnumber-first-code	T
lang_code	eng
isOA_bool	true
recordtype	marc
publishDateSort	2021
contenttype_str_mv	txt
author_browse	Lu Bai Jun Liu Ziang Wang Shuanggui Zou
container_volume	11
class	TN1-997
format_se	Elektronische Aufsätze
author-letter	Lu Bai
doi_str_mv	10.3390/met11081221
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	optimal design of the shape of a non-ball mandrel for thin-walled tube small radius cold bending
callnumber	TN1-997
title_auth	Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
abstract	In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.
abstractGer	In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.
abstract_unstemmed	In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.
collection_details	GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700
container_issue	8, p 1221
title_short	Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221 https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712 https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221 https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701
remote_bool	true
author2	Jun Liu Ziang Wang Shuanggui Zou
author2Str	Jun Liu Ziang Wang Shuanggui Zou
ppnlink	718627172
callnumber-subject	TN - Mining Engineering and Metallurgy
mediatype_str_mv	c
isOA_txt	true
hochschulschrift_bool	false
doi_str	10.3390/met11081221
callnumber-a	TN1-997
up_date	2024-07-03T23:59:25.089Z
_version_	1803604370492751872
fullrecord_marcxml	<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><collection xmlns="http://www.loc.gov/MARC21/slim"><record><leader>01000caa a22002652 4500</leader><controlfield tag="001">DOAJ059557672</controlfield><controlfield tag="003">DE-627</controlfield><controlfield tag="005">20240412163124.0</controlfield><controlfield tag="007">cr uuu---uuuuu</controlfield><controlfield tag="008">230228s2021 xx \|\|\|\|\|o 00\| \|\|eng c</controlfield><datafield tag="024" ind1="7" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">10.3390/met11081221</subfield><subfield code="2">doi</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-627)DOAJ059557672</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="035" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">(DE-599)DOAJde90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="040" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="b">ger</subfield><subfield code="c">DE-627</subfield><subfield code="e">rakwb</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="041" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">eng</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="050" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">TN1-997</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="100" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Lu Bai</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="245" ind1="1" ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2021</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">In the field of cold bending, it is necessary to use ball mandrels, especially to bend thin-walled tubes with a small radius. However, the bending process with a ball mandrel is complex and expensive, and it is easy to jam the core ball inside the tube. To solve these issues, we designed two kinds of hollow non-ball mandrel schemes with low stiffness that were suitable for the small radius bending of thin-walled tubes. We evaluated the forming quality of cold bending numerically and the influence of the hollow section length and thickness on the forming indices. Our results showed that the thickness of the hollow section has a greater influence on forming quality than the length. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the wrinkling rate first declined by approximately 40% and then increased by above 50%. When the thickness was 11 mm in scheme 1 and 13 mm in scheme 2, the wrinkling rate reached minimum values of 1.32% and 1.50%, respectively. As the hollow section’s thickness increased, the flattening rate decreased by more than 60% and the thinning rate increased by about 40%. A multi-objective optimization of forming indices was carried out by ideal point method and grey wolf optimizer. By comparing the forming results before and after optimization, the feasibility of using the proposed hollow mandrel was proved, and the hollow mandrel scheme of standard cylinder is therefore recommended.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">hollow mandrel</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">thin-walled tube</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">cold bending</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">multi-objective optimization</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Mining engineering. Metallurgy</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Jun Liu</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Ziang Wang</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shuanggui Zou</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Metals</subfield><subfield code="d">MDPI AG, 2012</subfield><subfield code="g">11(2021), 8, p 1221</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)718627172</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)2662252-X</subfield><subfield code="x">20754701</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:11</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2021</subfield><subfield code="g">number:8, p 1221</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081221</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/de90b93d40cc42f69dc0a4c03f165712</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/8/1221</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_20</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_22</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_23</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_24</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_39</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_40</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_60</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_62</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_63</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_65</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_69</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_70</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_73</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_95</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_105</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_110</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_151</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_161</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_170</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_213</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_230</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_293</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_370</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_602</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2014</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_2055</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4012</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4037</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4112</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4125</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4126</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4249</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4305</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4306</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4307</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4313</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4322</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4323</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4324</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4325</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4335</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4338</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4367</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_ILN_4700</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">11</subfield><subfield code="j">2021</subfield><subfield code="e">8, p 1221</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
score	7.4004107

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Schreiben Sie uns!

Optimal Design of the Shape of a Non-Ball Mandrel for Thin-Walled Tube Small Radius Cold Bending

Nicht das Richtige dabei?

Zugang & Verfügbarkeit

Vorhandene Bände

Nicht das Richtige dabei?