Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method

Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Hanieh Mardani [verfasserIn] Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Persisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر - Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018, 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:33 ; year:2020 ; number:3 ; pages:255-270

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ06023203X

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allfields	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 doi (DE-627)DOAJ06023203X (DE-599)DOAJ5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per TP1080-1185 Hanieh Mardani verfasserin aut Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density Polymers and polymer manufacture Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani verfasserin aut In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 (DE-627)88394572X (DE-600)2890840-5 20080883 nnns volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270 https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f kostenfrei http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2020 3 255-270
spelling	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 doi (DE-627)DOAJ06023203X (DE-599)DOAJ5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per TP1080-1185 Hanieh Mardani verfasserin aut Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density Polymers and polymer manufacture Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani verfasserin aut In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 (DE-627)88394572X (DE-600)2890840-5 20080883 nnns volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270 https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f kostenfrei http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2020 3 255-270
allfields_unstemmed	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 doi (DE-627)DOAJ06023203X (DE-599)DOAJ5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per TP1080-1185 Hanieh Mardani verfasserin aut Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density Polymers and polymer manufacture Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani verfasserin aut In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 (DE-627)88394572X (DE-600)2890840-5 20080883 nnns volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270 https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f kostenfrei http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2020 3 255-270
allfieldsGer	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 doi (DE-627)DOAJ06023203X (DE-599)DOAJ5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per TP1080-1185 Hanieh Mardani verfasserin aut Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density Polymers and polymer manufacture Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani verfasserin aut In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 (DE-627)88394572X (DE-600)2890840-5 20080883 nnns volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270 https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f kostenfrei http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2020 3 255-270
allfieldsSound	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 doi (DE-627)DOAJ06023203X (DE-599)DOAJ5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per TP1080-1185 Hanieh Mardani verfasserin aut Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers. polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density Polymers and polymer manufacture Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani verfasserin aut In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر Iran Polymer and Petrochemical Institute, 2018 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 (DE-627)88394572X (DE-600)2890840-5 20080883 nnns volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270 https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f kostenfrei http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 33 2020 3 255-270
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source	In علوم و تکنولوژی پلیمر 33(2020), 3, Seite 255-270 volume:33 year:2020 number:3 pages:255-270
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callnumber-first	T - Technology
author	Hanieh Mardani
spellingShingle	Hanieh Mardani misc TP1080-1185 misc polystyrene misc graphene oxide misc reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization misc grafting through misc grafting density misc Polymers and polymer manufacture Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method
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topic_title	TP1080-1185 Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method polystyrene graphene oxide reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization grafting through grafting density
topic	misc TP1080-1185 misc polystyrene misc graphene oxide misc reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization misc grafting through misc grafting density misc Polymers and polymer manufacture
topic_unstemmed	misc TP1080-1185 misc polystyrene misc graphene oxide misc reversible addition- fragmentation chain transfer polymerization misc grafting through misc grafting density misc Polymers and polymer manufacture
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title	Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method
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title_sort	polystyrene chains with different grafting densities on the surface of graphene oxide by "grafting through” method
callnumber	TP1080-1185
title_auth	Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method
abstract	Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers.
abstractGer	Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers.
abstract_unstemmed	Hypothesis: Graphene oxide (GO) modified with a double bond-containing chemical was used in the preparation of polystyrene composites by combination of “grafting through” and reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization methods. The main objectives were (1) application of two reaction sites for in situ grafting of polystyrene chains from the GO surface, (2) increasing of grafting density in the polymerization process by grafting through two different sites and (3) evaluation of styrene RAFT polymerization in two different grafting densities and various GO contents.Methods: After modification of GO with ethylenediamine (EDA) using nucleophilic ring opening reaction that is resulted in amine-functionalized GO (GOA), coupling reaction was conducted between the GOA and (3-methacryloxypropyl) dimethylchlorosilane (MCS) to obtain GOOHD layers with different modifier contents. Then, grafting through RAFT polymerization method was utilized for preparation of polystyrene composites.Findings: X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows successful modification of the GO layers with EDA and MCS. Molecular bonding characterization was performed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for the neat and modified GO. Variations in electron conjugation were studied by Raman spectroscopy. Molecular weight and polydispersity index of the free and anchored polystyrene chains were calculated from the size exclusion chromatography. By using thermogravimetric analysis, thermal properties and grafting ratios of the modifiers and polystyrene chains were studied. Grafting ratio of the modifiers was 12.9% and 7.5% for the modified GO layers with high and low grafting densities, respectively. Morphology of the GO layers was investigated through transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Oxidation changed the flat and smooth graphite to wrinkled layers, and grafting polystyrene chains resulted in turbid layers.
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title_short	Polystyrene Chains with Different Grafting Densities on the Surface of Graphene Oxide by "Grafting Through” Method
url	https://doi.org/10.22063/jipst.2020.1745 https://doaj.org/article/5c1c7a23485e49ecac60d48fea9f983f http://jips.ippi.ac.ir/article_1745_332e9ba8676078d5dd2128435d0117a1.pdf https://doaj.org/toc/1016-3255 https://doaj.org/toc/2008-0883
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author2	Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
author2Str	Hossein Roghani-Mamaqani
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doi_str	10.22063/jipst.2020.1745
callnumber-a	TP1080-1185
up_date	2024-07-03T13:44:49.035Z
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