Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.

Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key s...
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Autor*in:	Lin Tan [verfasserIn] Mei Wang [verfasserIn] Youfa Kang [verfasserIn] Farrukh Azeem [verfasserIn] Zhaoxi Zhou [verfasserIn] Decai Tuo [verfasserIn] Lina María Preciado Rojo [verfasserIn] Ikhlas A. Khan [verfasserIn] Zhiqiang Pan [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2018

Schlagwörter:	anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Molecules - MDPI AG, 2003, 23(2018), 11, p 2876
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:23 ; year:2018 ; number:11, p 2876

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/molecules23112876

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ060683627

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520			\|a Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango.
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author_variant	l t lt m w mw y k yk f a fa z z zz d t dt l m p r lmpr i a k iak z p zp
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allfields	10.3390/molecules23112876 doi (DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Lin Tan verfasserin aut Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry Mei Wang verfasserin aut Youfa Kang verfasserin aut Farrukh Azeem verfasserin aut Zhaoxi Zhou verfasserin aut Decai Tuo verfasserin aut Lina María Preciado Rojo verfasserin aut Ikhlas A. Khan verfasserin aut Zhiqiang Pan verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 23(2018), 11, p 2876 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2018 11, p 2876
spelling	10.3390/molecules23112876 doi (DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Lin Tan verfasserin aut Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry Mei Wang verfasserin aut Youfa Kang verfasserin aut Farrukh Azeem verfasserin aut Zhaoxi Zhou verfasserin aut Decai Tuo verfasserin aut Lina María Preciado Rojo verfasserin aut Ikhlas A. Khan verfasserin aut Zhiqiang Pan verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 23(2018), 11, p 2876 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2018 11, p 2876
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/molecules23112876 doi (DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Lin Tan verfasserin aut Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry Mei Wang verfasserin aut Youfa Kang verfasserin aut Farrukh Azeem verfasserin aut Zhaoxi Zhou verfasserin aut Decai Tuo verfasserin aut Lina María Preciado Rojo verfasserin aut Ikhlas A. Khan verfasserin aut Zhiqiang Pan verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 23(2018), 11, p 2876 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2018 11, p 2876
allfieldsGer	10.3390/molecules23112876 doi (DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Lin Tan verfasserin aut Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry Mei Wang verfasserin aut Youfa Kang verfasserin aut Farrukh Azeem verfasserin aut Zhaoxi Zhou verfasserin aut Decai Tuo verfasserin aut Lina María Preciado Rojo verfasserin aut Ikhlas A. Khan verfasserin aut Zhiqiang Pan verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 23(2018), 11, p 2876 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2018 11, p 2876
allfieldsSound	10.3390/molecules23112876 doi (DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng QD241-441 Lin Tan verfasserin aut Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry Mei Wang verfasserin aut Youfa Kang verfasserin aut Farrukh Azeem verfasserin aut Zhaoxi Zhou verfasserin aut Decai Tuo verfasserin aut Lina María Preciado Rojo verfasserin aut Ikhlas A. Khan verfasserin aut Zhiqiang Pan verfasserin aut In Molecules MDPI AG, 2003 23(2018), 11, p 2876 (DE-627)311313132 (DE-600)2008644-1 14203049 nnns volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876 https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_224 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 23 2018 11, p 2876
language	English
source	In Molecules 23(2018), 11, p 2876 volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876
sourceStr	In Molecules 23(2018), 11, p 2876 volume:23 year:2018 number:11, p 2876
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. Organic chemistry
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container_title	Molecules
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Lin Tan @@aut@@ Mei Wang @@aut@@ Youfa Kang @@aut@@ Farrukh Azeem @@aut@@ Zhaoxi Zhou @@aut@@ Decai Tuo @@aut@@ Lina María Preciado Rojo @@aut@@ Ikhlas A. Khan @@aut@@ Zhiqiang Pan @@aut@@
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author	Lin Tan
spellingShingle	Lin Tan misc QD241-441 misc anthocyanidin reductase misc (−)-epicatechin misc (−)-catechin misc proanthocyanidins misc <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. misc Organic chemistry Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
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topic_title	QD241-441 Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. anthocyanidin reductase (−)-epicatechin (−)-catechin proanthocyanidins <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
topic	misc QD241-441 misc anthocyanidin reductase misc (−)-epicatechin misc (−)-catechin misc proanthocyanidins misc <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. misc Organic chemistry
topic_unstemmed	misc QD241-441 misc anthocyanidin reductase misc (−)-epicatechin misc (−)-catechin misc proanthocyanidins misc <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. misc Organic chemistry
topic_browse	misc QD241-441 misc anthocyanidin reductase misc (−)-epicatechin misc (−)-catechin misc proanthocyanidins misc <i<Mangifera indica</i< L. misc Organic chemistry
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title	Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ060683627 (DE-599)DOAJ6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529
title_full	Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
author_sort	Lin Tan
journal	Molecules
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author_browse	Lin Tan Mei Wang Youfa Kang Farrukh Azeem Zhaoxi Zhou Decai Tuo Lina María Preciado Rojo Ikhlas A. Khan Zhiqiang Pan
container_volume	23
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author-letter	Lin Tan
doi_str_mv	10.3390/molecules23112876
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title_sort	biochemical and functional characterization of anthocyanidin reductase (anr) from <i<mangifera indica</i< l.
callnumber	QD241-441
title_auth	Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
abstract	Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango.
abstractGer	Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango.
abstract_unstemmed	Mango (<i<Mangifera indica</i< L.) is abundant in proanthocyanidins (PAs) that are important for human health and plant response to abiotic stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in PA biosynthesis still need to be elucidated. Anthocyanidin reductase (ANR) catalyzes a key step in PA biosynthesis. In this study, three ANR cDNAs (<i<MiANR1-1</i<,<i<1-2</i<,<i<1-3</i<) were isolated from mango, and expressed in <i<Escherichia coli</i<. In vitro enzyme assay showed MiANR proteins convert cyanidin to their corresponding flavan-3-ols, such as (−)-catechin and (−)-epicatechin. Despite high amino acid similarity, the recombinant ANR proteins exhibited differences in enzyme kinetics and cosubstrate preference. MiANR1-2 and MiANR1-3 have the same optimum pH of 4.0 in citrate buffer, while the optimum pH for MiANR1-1 is pH 3.0 in phosphate buffer. MiANR1-1 does not use either NADPH or NADH as co-substrate while MiANR1-2/1-3 use only NADPH as co-substrate. MiANR1-2 has the highest Km and Vmax for cyanidin, followed by MiANR1-3 and MiANR1-1. The overexpression of <i<MiANRs</i< in ban mutant reconstructed the biosynthetic pathway of PAs in the seed coat. These data demonstrate MiANRs can form the ANR pathway, leading to the formation of two types of isomeric flavan-3-ols and PAs in mango.
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container_issue	11, p 2876
title_short	Biochemical and Functional Characterization of Anthocyanidin Reductase (ANR) from <i<Mangifera indica</i< L.
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules23112876 https://doaj.org/article/6a9c4f3c890d47c2a64349157cf71529 https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/23/11/2876 https://doaj.org/toc/1420-3049
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author2	Mei Wang Youfa Kang Farrukh Azeem Zhaoxi Zhou Decai Tuo Lina María Preciado Rojo Ikhlas A. Khan Zhiqiang Pan
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