A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations
Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narra...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Ali Khavanin [verfasserIn] Ahmad Jonidi Jafari [verfasserIn] Saeid Ahmadi [verfasserIn] Vida Zaroushani [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Persisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān - Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017, 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:15 ; year:2018 ; number:3 ; pages:154-171 |
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DOAJ062634488 |
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| 520 | |a Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. | ||
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(DE-627)DOAJ062634488 (DE-599)DOAJ54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per Ali Khavanin verfasserin aut A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. administrative control non-ionizing radiation radiofrequency microwave international organization Medicine R Ahmad Jonidi Jafari verfasserin aut Saeid Ahmadi verfasserin aut Vida Zaroushani verfasserin aut In Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 (DE-627)727420925 (DE-600)2685246-9 22287493 nnns volume:15 year:2018 number:3 pages:154-171 https://doaj.org/article/54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df kostenfrei http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2308-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1735-5133 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2228-7493 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 15 2018 3 154-171 |
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(DE-627)DOAJ062634488 (DE-599)DOAJ54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per Ali Khavanin verfasserin aut A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. administrative control non-ionizing radiation radiofrequency microwave international organization Medicine R Ahmad Jonidi Jafari verfasserin aut Saeid Ahmadi verfasserin aut Vida Zaroushani verfasserin aut In Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 (DE-627)727420925 (DE-600)2685246-9 22287493 nnns volume:15 year:2018 number:3 pages:154-171 https://doaj.org/article/54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df kostenfrei http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2308-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1735-5133 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2228-7493 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 15 2018 3 154-171 |
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(DE-627)DOAJ062634488 (DE-599)DOAJ54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per Ali Khavanin verfasserin aut A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. administrative control non-ionizing radiation radiofrequency microwave international organization Medicine R Ahmad Jonidi Jafari verfasserin aut Saeid Ahmadi verfasserin aut Vida Zaroushani verfasserin aut In Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 (DE-627)727420925 (DE-600)2685246-9 22287493 nnns volume:15 year:2018 number:3 pages:154-171 https://doaj.org/article/54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df kostenfrei http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2308-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1735-5133 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2228-7493 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 15 2018 3 154-171 |
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(DE-627)DOAJ062634488 (DE-599)DOAJ54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per Ali Khavanin verfasserin aut A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. administrative control non-ionizing radiation radiofrequency microwave international organization Medicine R Ahmad Jonidi Jafari verfasserin aut Saeid Ahmadi verfasserin aut Vida Zaroushani verfasserin aut In Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 (DE-627)727420925 (DE-600)2685246-9 22287493 nnns volume:15 year:2018 number:3 pages:154-171 https://doaj.org/article/54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df kostenfrei http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2308-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1735-5133 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2228-7493 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 15 2018 3 154-171 |
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(DE-627)DOAJ062634488 (DE-599)DOAJ54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per Ali Khavanin verfasserin aut A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. administrative control non-ionizing radiation radiofrequency microwave international organization Medicine R Ahmad Jonidi Jafari verfasserin aut Saeid Ahmadi verfasserin aut Vida Zaroushani verfasserin aut In Salāmat-i kār-i Īrān Iran University of Medical Sciences, 2017 15(2018), 3, Seite 154-171 (DE-627)727420925 (DE-600)2685246-9 22287493 nnns volume:15 year:2018 number:3 pages:154-171 https://doaj.org/article/54335da4fccc40df9692be41621b27df kostenfrei http://ioh.iums.ac.ir/article-1-2308-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1735-5133 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2228-7493 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2001 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2006 GBV_ILN_2008 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2010 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2015 GBV_ILN_2020 GBV_ILN_2021 GBV_ILN_2025 GBV_ILN_2031 GBV_ILN_2044 GBV_ILN_2048 GBV_ILN_2050 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2056 GBV_ILN_2057 GBV_ILN_2061 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_2190 GBV_ILN_4305 AR 15 2018 3 154-171 |
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Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. 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A Review on Administrative Controls to Radiofrequency and Microwave Radiation based on recommendations of International Organizations |
| abstract |
Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. |
| abstractGer |
Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Background and aims: Radio frequency and microwaves radiations are a part of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that have various applications in different work environments. Administrative measures reduce the occupational exposure with low cost and acceptable performance. This study using narrative review was conducted to investigate the recommended administrative controls that published by international organizations in order to control the occupational exposure to Radio Frequency and microwave radiations. Methods: Firstly, the international reference organizations were determined in relation to the research topic. Then, based on the PICO principle, related keywords designed. Then, all documents as a Government Document, Legal Rule or Regulation, Publication, Standard, Report, Guideline, Manual, were reviewed in English language without time limit. In addition, the search was conducted on two external databases (BING and GOOGLE). Then, the process of reviewing, screening and eliminating repeated, unrelated, and unusable resources was carried out. After preparation of the full text, the process of translation and extraction of related information conducted based on the organizations and administrative measures. In this study, experimental research, descriptive studies, analytical studies, Meta-analyzes, and systematic reviews, did not entry. Also, documents with incomplete and obscure information were also not used. Results: The results of this study showed that there are several international organizations that work up in field of occupational exposure control to radiofrequency and microwave radiation. extracted administrative measures are diverse and including the inspection, medical monitoring, employee participation, safe/standard operating procedure, compliance with standards, preventive maintenance, lock out/ tag out, safety signs and warnings, workplace monitoring, Responsibility of the employer, exposure limit, access restrictions, reducing output energy, training and distance . Conclusion: Meanwhile, exposure limits, maintenance process and access restrictions were the most recommended administrative controls. Among the international organization, the International Labor Organization (ILO) presented the most diverse and comprehensive administrative controls. It is suggested that the results of this study be used in health and safety radiation policies and as a simple guide to introduction on recommended administrative measures for managers and occupational and environmental health experts. |
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