Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics

Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at v...
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Autor*in:	Quan Zhao [verfasserIn] Xiangyang Hao [verfasserIn] Izhar Ali [verfasserIn] Anas Iqbal [verfasserIn] Saif Ullah [verfasserIn] Min Huang [verfasserIn] Feiyang Kong [verfasserIn] Tianyuan Li [verfasserIn] Ying Xuan [verfasserIn] Faqiao Li [verfasserIn] Bo Yan [verfasserIn] Yuqiong Luo [verfasserIn] He Liang [verfasserIn] Shanqing Wei [verfasserIn] Nianping Chen [verfasserIn] Ligeng Jiang [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2020

Schlagwörter:	rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Agronomy - MDPI AG, 2012, 10(2020), 2, p 223
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2020 ; number:2, p 223

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/agronomy10020223

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ062846930

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520			\|a Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III.
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allfields	10.3390/agronomy10020223 doi (DE-627)DOAJ062846930 (DE-599)DOAJd56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Quan Zhao verfasserin aut Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III. rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping Agriculture S Xiangyang Hao verfasserin aut Izhar Ali verfasserin aut Anas Iqbal verfasserin aut Saif Ullah verfasserin aut Min Huang verfasserin aut Feiyang Kong verfasserin aut Tianyuan Li verfasserin aut Ying Xuan verfasserin aut Faqiao Li verfasserin aut Bo Yan verfasserin aut Yuqiong Luo verfasserin aut He Liang verfasserin aut Shanqing Wei verfasserin aut Nianping Chen verfasserin aut Ligeng Jiang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 2, p 223 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:2, p 223 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 2, p 223
spelling	10.3390/agronomy10020223 doi (DE-627)DOAJ062846930 (DE-599)DOAJd56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Quan Zhao verfasserin aut Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III. rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping Agriculture S Xiangyang Hao verfasserin aut Izhar Ali verfasserin aut Anas Iqbal verfasserin aut Saif Ullah verfasserin aut Min Huang verfasserin aut Feiyang Kong verfasserin aut Tianyuan Li verfasserin aut Ying Xuan verfasserin aut Faqiao Li verfasserin aut Bo Yan verfasserin aut Yuqiong Luo verfasserin aut He Liang verfasserin aut Shanqing Wei verfasserin aut Nianping Chen verfasserin aut Ligeng Jiang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 2, p 223 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:2, p 223 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 2, p 223
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/agronomy10020223 doi (DE-627)DOAJ062846930 (DE-599)DOAJd56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Quan Zhao verfasserin aut Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III. rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping Agriculture S Xiangyang Hao verfasserin aut Izhar Ali verfasserin aut Anas Iqbal verfasserin aut Saif Ullah verfasserin aut Min Huang verfasserin aut Feiyang Kong verfasserin aut Tianyuan Li verfasserin aut Ying Xuan verfasserin aut Faqiao Li verfasserin aut Bo Yan verfasserin aut Yuqiong Luo verfasserin aut He Liang verfasserin aut Shanqing Wei verfasserin aut Nianping Chen verfasserin aut Ligeng Jiang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 2, p 223 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:2, p 223 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 2, p 223
allfieldsGer	10.3390/agronomy10020223 doi (DE-627)DOAJ062846930 (DE-599)DOAJd56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Quan Zhao verfasserin aut Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III. rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping Agriculture S Xiangyang Hao verfasserin aut Izhar Ali verfasserin aut Anas Iqbal verfasserin aut Saif Ullah verfasserin aut Min Huang verfasserin aut Feiyang Kong verfasserin aut Tianyuan Li verfasserin aut Ying Xuan verfasserin aut Faqiao Li verfasserin aut Bo Yan verfasserin aut Yuqiong Luo verfasserin aut He Liang verfasserin aut Shanqing Wei verfasserin aut Nianping Chen verfasserin aut Ligeng Jiang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 2, p 223 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:2, p 223 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 2, p 223
allfieldsSound	10.3390/agronomy10020223 doi (DE-627)DOAJ062846930 (DE-599)DOAJd56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng Quan Zhao verfasserin aut Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III. rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping Agriculture S Xiangyang Hao verfasserin aut Izhar Ali verfasserin aut Anas Iqbal verfasserin aut Saif Ullah verfasserin aut Min Huang verfasserin aut Feiyang Kong verfasserin aut Tianyuan Li verfasserin aut Ying Xuan verfasserin aut Faqiao Li verfasserin aut Bo Yan verfasserin aut Yuqiong Luo verfasserin aut He Liang verfasserin aut Shanqing Wei verfasserin aut Nianping Chen verfasserin aut Ligeng Jiang verfasserin aut In Agronomy MDPI AG, 2012 10(2020), 2, p 223 (DE-627)658000543 (DE-600)2607043-1 20734395 nnns volume:10 year:2020 number:2, p 223 https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2020 2, p 223
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Quan Zhao @@aut@@ Xiangyang Hao @@aut@@ Izhar Ali @@aut@@ Anas Iqbal @@aut@@ Saif Ullah @@aut@@ Min Huang @@aut@@ Feiyang Kong @@aut@@ Tianyuan Li @@aut@@ Ying Xuan @@aut@@ Faqiao Li @@aut@@ Bo Yan @@aut@@ Yuqiong Luo @@aut@@ He Liang @@aut@@ Shanqing Wei @@aut@@ Nianping Chen @@aut@@ Ligeng Jiang @@aut@@
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author	Quan Zhao
spellingShingle	Quan Zhao misc rice misc grain growth misc grain position misc mathematical simulation misc primary branch grouping misc Agriculture misc S Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics
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topic_title	Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics rice grain growth grain position mathematical simulation primary branch grouping
topic	misc rice misc grain growth misc grain position misc mathematical simulation misc primary branch grouping misc Agriculture misc S
topic_unstemmed	misc rice misc grain growth misc grain position misc mathematical simulation misc primary branch grouping misc Agriculture misc S
topic_browse	misc rice misc grain growth misc grain position misc mathematical simulation misc primary branch grouping misc Agriculture misc S
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title	Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics
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title_full	Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics
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author_browse	Quan Zhao Xiangyang Hao Izhar Ali Anas Iqbal Saif Ullah Min Huang Feiyang Kong Tianyuan Li Ying Xuan Faqiao Li Bo Yan Yuqiong Luo He Liang Shanqing Wei Nianping Chen Ligeng Jiang
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title_sort	characterization and grouping of all primary branches at various positions on a rice panicle based on grain growth dynamics
title_auth	Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics
abstract	Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III.
abstractGer	Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III.
abstract_unstemmed	Grain filling can directly influence rice yield. However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). Therefore, the yield of poor-filling grains at the basal panicle could be achieved primarily by improving the growth of Group III.
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title_short	Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics
url	https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10020223 https://doaj.org/article/d56627306be24186b236c73181a7c6a7 https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/2/223 https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4395
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However, there is limited information on the growth relationship among grains at different positions on the entire panicle during grain filling. In this study, field experiments were conducted in 2014−2015 to compare the growth dynamics of grains at various positions for two rice cultivars (Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2). The results showed that a high similarity and a slow−fast−slow trend of dry-matter accumulation occurred in all primary branches. However, the maximum grain growth rates of the top primary branches were 86% and 44% higher than basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. Similarly, the maximum final grain weights were 32% and 18% greater in the top primary branches than in the basal primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. In contrast, the active grain filling duration was 1.5 and 1.3 times longer in the basal primary branches than the top primary branches of Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2, respectively. The time to reach the maximum rate of grain growth of the basal primary branches for Nongle 1 and Guifeng 2 was 2.2 and 2.5 times longer than those of the top primary branches, respectively. Based on cluster analysis of growth characteristics of all primary branches, Group I (superior primary-branches) was considered to be the fastest for grain filling and greatest for dry matter weight, followed by Group II (medium primary-branches). The poorest growth occurred in Group III (inferior primary-branches). 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Characterization and Grouping of All Primary Branches at Various Positions on a Rice Panicle Based on Grain Growth Dynamics

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