Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution

Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Me...
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Autor*in:	Alexandre Afonso [verfasserIn] Joana Silva [verfasserIn] Ricardo Silva [verfasserIn] Vânia Pacheco [verfasserIn] Vítor Pinheiro [verfasserIn] Isabel Antunes [verfasserIn] Margarida Gonçalo [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch ; Portugiesisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia - Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020, 79(2021), 3
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:79 ; year:2021 ; number:3

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ065210964

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520			\|a Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama.
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allfields	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng por RL1-803 RC109-216 Alexandre Afonso verfasserin aut Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama. Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases Joana Silva verfasserin aut Ricardo Silva verfasserin aut Vânia Pacheco verfasserin aut Vítor Pinheiro verfasserin aut Isabel Antunes verfasserin aut Margarida Gonçalo verfasserin aut In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020 79(2021), 3 (DE-627)1698865732 21822409 nnns volume:79 year:2021 number:3 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 kostenfrei https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 79 2021 3
spelling	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng por RL1-803 RC109-216 Alexandre Afonso verfasserin aut Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama. Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases Joana Silva verfasserin aut Ricardo Silva verfasserin aut Vânia Pacheco verfasserin aut Vítor Pinheiro verfasserin aut Isabel Antunes verfasserin aut Margarida Gonçalo verfasserin aut In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020 79(2021), 3 (DE-627)1698865732 21822409 nnns volume:79 year:2021 number:3 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 kostenfrei https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 79 2021 3
allfields_unstemmed	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng por RL1-803 RC109-216 Alexandre Afonso verfasserin aut Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama. Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases Joana Silva verfasserin aut Ricardo Silva verfasserin aut Vânia Pacheco verfasserin aut Vítor Pinheiro verfasserin aut Isabel Antunes verfasserin aut Margarida Gonçalo verfasserin aut In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020 79(2021), 3 (DE-627)1698865732 21822409 nnns volume:79 year:2021 number:3 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 kostenfrei https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 79 2021 3
allfieldsGer	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng por RL1-803 RC109-216 Alexandre Afonso verfasserin aut Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama. Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases Joana Silva verfasserin aut Ricardo Silva verfasserin aut Vânia Pacheco verfasserin aut Vítor Pinheiro verfasserin aut Isabel Antunes verfasserin aut Margarida Gonçalo verfasserin aut In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020 79(2021), 3 (DE-627)1698865732 21822409 nnns volume:79 year:2021 number:3 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 kostenfrei https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 79 2021 3
allfieldsSound	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng por RL1-803 RC109-216 Alexandre Afonso verfasserin aut Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama. Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases Joana Silva verfasserin aut Ricardo Silva verfasserin aut Vânia Pacheco verfasserin aut Vítor Pinheiro verfasserin aut Isabel Antunes verfasserin aut Margarida Gonçalo verfasserin aut In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia, 2020 79(2021), 3 (DE-627)1698865732 21822409 nnns volume:79 year:2021 number:3 https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 kostenfrei https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 79 2021 3
language	English Portuguese
source	In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia 79(2021), 3 volume:79 year:2021 number:3
sourceStr	In Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia 79(2021), 3 volume:79 year:2021 number:3
format_phy_str_mv	Article
institution	findex.gbv.de
topic_facet	Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests Dermatology Infectious and parasitic diseases
isfreeaccess_bool	true
container_title	Revista da Sociedade Portuguesa de Dermatologia e Venereologia
authorswithroles_txt_mv	Alexandre Afonso @@aut@@ Joana Silva @@aut@@ Ricardo Silva @@aut@@ Vânia Pacheco @@aut@@ Vítor Pinheiro @@aut@@ Isabel Antunes @@aut@@ Margarida Gonçalo @@aut@@
publishDateDaySort_date	2021-01-01T00:00:00Z
hierarchy_top_id	1698865732
id	DOAJ065210964
language_de	englisch portugiesisch
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Alexandre Afonso
spellingShingle	Alexandre Afonso misc RL1-803 misc RC109-216 misc Chromium/adverse effects misc Dermatitis, Allergic Contact misc Dermatitis, Occupational misc Patch Tests misc Dermatology misc Infectious and parasitic diseases Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution
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topic_title	RL1-803 RC109-216 Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution Chromium/adverse effects Dermatitis, Allergic Contact Dermatitis, Occupational Patch Tests
topic	misc RL1-803 misc RC109-216 misc Chromium/adverse effects misc Dermatitis, Allergic Contact misc Dermatitis, Occupational misc Patch Tests misc Dermatology misc Infectious and parasitic diseases
topic_unstemmed	misc RL1-803 misc RC109-216 misc Chromium/adverse effects misc Dermatitis, Allergic Contact misc Dermatitis, Occupational misc Patch Tests misc Dermatology misc Infectious and parasitic diseases
topic_browse	misc RL1-803 misc RC109-216 misc Chromium/adverse effects misc Dermatitis, Allergic Contact misc Dermatitis, Occupational misc Patch Tests misc Dermatology misc Infectious and parasitic diseases
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title	Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution
ctrlnum	(DE-627)DOAJ065210964 (DE-599)DOAJ44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80
title_full	Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution
author_sort	Alexandre Afonso
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author_browse	Alexandre Afonso Joana Silva Ricardo Silva Vânia Pacheco Vítor Pinheiro Isabel Antunes Margarida Gonçalo
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author-letter	Alexandre Afonso
doi_str_mv	10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356
author2-role	verfasserin
title_sort	occupational chromium allergy and contact dermatitis: 10 years evolution
callnumber	RL1-803
title_auth	Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution
abstract	Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama.
abstractGer	Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama.
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction: Chromium has been responsible for occupational skin disease, both irritant and/or allergic contact dermatitis. In order to minimize this problem, regulatory measures limiting its use have been implemented. The impact of these regulations should be monitored over time. Material and Methods: A retrospective study from 2009 to 2018 was carried out in the Department of Dermatology to assess the temporal trend of chromium sensitization evaluated by patch testing with potassium dichromate 0.5% pet, particularly considering age, sex and its relationship with occupational activity. Results: 3277 individuals were studied, 2369 females (72.29%) and 908 males (27.71%). Of those 621 (18.95%) fulfilled criteria for occupational contact dermatitis. Chromium allergy was found in 118 (3.60%) patients, 64 females (54.4%) and 54 males (45.76%). We found that male patients were significantly more frequent (45.76% vs 27.03%; p<0.001), as well as occupational dermatitis (31.35% vs 18.47%; p<0.001), hand dermatitis (53.54% vs 23.52%; p<0.001) and age above 40 years (70.34% vs 56.76%; p=0.003). Discussion/Conclusion: The results show a high prevalence (3.60%) of chromium positive patch tests. In our study, there has not been a significant decrease in sensitization to chromium over the years. Interestingly cases classically related to this allergy (cement in the building industry) are no longer the main cause of the problem. We found other sources such as leather as a main cause of allergic sensitization, suggesting a change of the panorama.
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title_short	Occupational Chromium Allergy and Contact Dermatitis: 10 Years Evolution
url	https://doi.org/10.29021/spdv.79.3.1356 https://doaj.org/article/44fe9630625b42bcb0e1362f3f8bac80 https://revista.spdv.com.pt/index.php/spdv/article/view/1356 https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2395 https://doaj.org/toc/2182-2409
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