The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language
Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Mohamad Sharifpoor [verfasserIn] Mehdi Dehghan [verfasserIn] Shima Matloubi [verfasserIn] Soraya Khafri [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Persisch |
| Erschienen: |
2020 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Journal of Rehabilitation - University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016, 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:21 ; year:2020 ; number:2 ; pages:272-285 |
| Links: |
|---|
| DOI / URN: |
10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ065324315 |
|---|
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| 245 | 1 | 4 | |a The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language |
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| 520 | |a Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. | ||
| 650 | 4 | |a vowel space | |
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10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065324315 (DE-599)DOAJ6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per RM1-950 Mohamad Sharifpoor verfasserin aut The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. vowel space vowels formant persian language mazani language Therapeutics. Pharmacology Mehdi Dehghan verfasserin aut Shima Matloubi verfasserin aut Soraya Khafri verfasserin aut In Journal of Rehabilitation University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 (DE-627)1760642967 (DE-600)3072517-3 16072960 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:2 pages:272-285 https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad kostenfrei https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 21 2020 2 272-285 |
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10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065324315 (DE-599)DOAJ6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per RM1-950 Mohamad Sharifpoor verfasserin aut The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. vowel space vowels formant persian language mazani language Therapeutics. Pharmacology Mehdi Dehghan verfasserin aut Shima Matloubi verfasserin aut Soraya Khafri verfasserin aut In Journal of Rehabilitation University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 (DE-627)1760642967 (DE-600)3072517-3 16072960 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:2 pages:272-285 https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad kostenfrei https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 21 2020 2 272-285 |
| allfields_unstemmed |
10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065324315 (DE-599)DOAJ6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per RM1-950 Mohamad Sharifpoor verfasserin aut The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. vowel space vowels formant persian language mazani language Therapeutics. Pharmacology Mehdi Dehghan verfasserin aut Shima Matloubi verfasserin aut Soraya Khafri verfasserin aut In Journal of Rehabilitation University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 (DE-627)1760642967 (DE-600)3072517-3 16072960 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:2 pages:272-285 https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad kostenfrei https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 21 2020 2 272-285 |
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10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065324315 (DE-599)DOAJ6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per RM1-950 Mohamad Sharifpoor verfasserin aut The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. vowel space vowels formant persian language mazani language Therapeutics. Pharmacology Mehdi Dehghan verfasserin aut Shima Matloubi verfasserin aut Soraya Khafri verfasserin aut In Journal of Rehabilitation University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 (DE-627)1760642967 (DE-600)3072517-3 16072960 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:2 pages:272-285 https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad kostenfrei https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 21 2020 2 272-285 |
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10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065324315 (DE-599)DOAJ6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb per RM1-950 Mohamad Sharifpoor verfasserin aut The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language 2020 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. vowel space vowels formant persian language mazani language Therapeutics. Pharmacology Mehdi Dehghan verfasserin aut Shima Matloubi verfasserin aut Soraya Khafri verfasserin aut In Journal of Rehabilitation University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016 21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285 (DE-627)1760642967 (DE-600)3072517-3 16072960 nnns volume:21 year:2020 number:2 pages:272-285 https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad kostenfrei https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ SSG-OLC-PHA AR 21 2020 2 272-285 |
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The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. 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In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. 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The Study of Vowel Space and Formant Structure in Mazani Language |
| abstract |
Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. |
| abstractGer |
Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Objective: One of the parameters showing the correct phonetic and phonological development is the correct and clear articulation of vowels is achieved by changing the shape of vocal cords through altering the height and position of the tongue and the movement of the lips and jaw. The tongue’s height and position are the basis of the production and difference of vowels. In other words, the raw sound produced by vocal cords, which has a base frequency, changes and intensifies according to the displacement of organs and vocal tract cavities which makes harmonies from the base sound called formats. These intensified harmonies depend on the shape, size, and material of the cavities, and can affect a person’s speech clarity and, consequently, the listeners’ perception. Due to such effects and the significant role of vowels space and formants on communicative aspects in each language, they are considered as one of the most important acoustic characteristics of any spoken language. Therefore, determining a scale as a tool to assess vowel errors and speech disorders is necessary. This study aimed to investigate vowel space and formant structure of Mazani language in adults. Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes. |
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Materials & Methods: This descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design was conducted on 60 adults (30 males and 30 females) with Mazani language aged 18-40 years who were selected randomly and based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (no history of respiratory diseases, verbal and auditory disorders and having at least 5 years of experience in living in Babol county. After producing the vowels by participants, the first, second, and third formants (F1, F2, and F3) of all 6 vowels were obtained in PRAAT v.6.0 program, and analyzed finally using independent t-test in SPSS v. 18 software. Results: In men, the highest mean value for the base frequency was related to the vowels /i/ and /u/ (136 Hz), and for F1, F2, and F3, it was related to the vowels /æ/ (646 Hz), /i/ (2182 Hz), and /i/ (2888 Hz), respectively. On the other hand, their lowest mean values were related to the vowels /a/ (124 Hz), /i/ (283 Hz), /a/ (1150 Hz), and /e/ (2629 Hz), respectively. In women, the highest mean values of base frequency, F1, F2 and F3 were related to the vowels /u/ (222 Hz), /æ/ (828 Hz), /i/ (2346 Hz), and /i/ (3151 Hz), while the lowest mean values were related to the vowels /æ/ and /e/ (202 Hz), /i/ (364 Hz), /a/ (1167 Hz), and /o/ (2775 Hz), respectively. Conclusion: There was difference in formants and vowel space between men and women with Mazani language. The /a/ was the lowest pitch vowel and /i/ and /u/ were the highest pitch the vowels in men, while /æ/ and /e/ were the lowest pitch vowels and /u/ was the highest pitch vowel in women. Furthermore, the most open, closed, backward and forward vowels were /æ/, /i/, /i/ and /a/, respectively. The /e/ in men and /o/ in women were the most rounded vowels, while the /i/ in both genders was the most unrounded vowel. The results are somewhat different from the results of studies conducted on the production of vowels in standard Persian language. Since the speech clarity and fluency can be affected by the incorrect production of vowels, the results of this study can be used to evaluate and diagnose speech disorders in Mazani language for clinical and research purposes.</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">vowel space</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">vowels</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">formant</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">persian language</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="650" ind1=" " ind2="4"><subfield code="a">mazani language</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="653" ind1=" " ind2="0"><subfield code="a">Therapeutics. Pharmacology</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Mehdi Dehghan</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Shima Matloubi</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="700" ind1="0" ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Soraya Khafri</subfield><subfield code="e">verfasserin</subfield><subfield code="4">aut</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="0" ind2="8"><subfield code="i">In</subfield><subfield code="t">Journal of Rehabilitation</subfield><subfield code="d">University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, 2016</subfield><subfield code="g">21(2020), 2, Seite 272-285</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-627)1760642967</subfield><subfield code="w">(DE-600)3072517-3</subfield><subfield code="x">16072960</subfield><subfield code="7">nnns</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="773" ind1="1" ind2="8"><subfield code="g">volume:21</subfield><subfield code="g">year:2020</subfield><subfield code="g">number:2</subfield><subfield code="g">pages:272-285</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doi.org/10.32598/RJ.21.2.2735.1</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/article/6d681c44b2c04661b64ae6fa3f41d2ad</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="0"><subfield code="u">https://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-2331-en.html</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="856" ind1="4" ind2="2"><subfield code="u">https://doaj.org/toc/1607-2960</subfield><subfield code="y">Journal toc</subfield><subfield code="z">kostenfrei</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_USEFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SYSFLAG_A</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">GBV_DOAJ</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="912" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">SSG-OLC-PHA</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="951" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">AR</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="952" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="d">21</subfield><subfield code="j">2020</subfield><subfield code="e">2</subfield><subfield code="h">272-285</subfield></datafield></record></collection>
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