Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents
Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-norma...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Martin Mlinarić [verfasserIn] Sebastian Günther [verfasserIn] Irene Moor [verfasserIn] Kristina Heilmann [verfasserIn] Laura Hoffmann [verfasserIn] Matthias Richter [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2018 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Tobacco Prevention and Cessation - European Publishing, 2017, 4(2018), Supplement |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:4 ; year:2018 ; number:Supplement |
| Links: |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.18332/tpc/91092 |
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| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ065523784 |
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| 520 | |a Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). | ||
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10.18332/tpc/91092 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065523784 (DE-599)DOAJ1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Martin Mlinarić verfasserin aut Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). smoking adolescents Public aspects of medicine Sebastian Günther verfasserin aut Irene Moor verfasserin aut Kristina Heilmann verfasserin aut Laura Hoffmann verfasserin aut Matthias Richter verfasserin aut In Tobacco Prevention and Cessation European Publishing, 2017 4(2018), Supplement (DE-627)174397759X 24593087 nnns volume:4 year:2018 number:Supplement https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/91092 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be kostenfrei http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/Does-de-normalization-change-Trends-in-the-de-normalization-of-smoking-in-German,91092,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2459-3087 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 4 2018 Supplement |
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10.18332/tpc/91092 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065523784 (DE-599)DOAJ1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Martin Mlinarić verfasserin aut Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). smoking adolescents Public aspects of medicine Sebastian Günther verfasserin aut Irene Moor verfasserin aut Kristina Heilmann verfasserin aut Laura Hoffmann verfasserin aut Matthias Richter verfasserin aut In Tobacco Prevention and Cessation European Publishing, 2017 4(2018), Supplement (DE-627)174397759X 24593087 nnns volume:4 year:2018 number:Supplement https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/91092 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be kostenfrei http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/Does-de-normalization-change-Trends-in-the-de-normalization-of-smoking-in-German,91092,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2459-3087 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 4 2018 Supplement |
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10.18332/tpc/91092 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065523784 (DE-599)DOAJ1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Martin Mlinarić verfasserin aut Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). smoking adolescents Public aspects of medicine Sebastian Günther verfasserin aut Irene Moor verfasserin aut Kristina Heilmann verfasserin aut Laura Hoffmann verfasserin aut Matthias Richter verfasserin aut In Tobacco Prevention and Cessation European Publishing, 2017 4(2018), Supplement (DE-627)174397759X 24593087 nnns volume:4 year:2018 number:Supplement https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/91092 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be kostenfrei http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/Does-de-normalization-change-Trends-in-the-de-normalization-of-smoking-in-German,91092,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2459-3087 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 4 2018 Supplement |
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10.18332/tpc/91092 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065523784 (DE-599)DOAJ1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Martin Mlinarić verfasserin aut Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). smoking adolescents Public aspects of medicine Sebastian Günther verfasserin aut Irene Moor verfasserin aut Kristina Heilmann verfasserin aut Laura Hoffmann verfasserin aut Matthias Richter verfasserin aut In Tobacco Prevention and Cessation European Publishing, 2017 4(2018), Supplement (DE-627)174397759X 24593087 nnns volume:4 year:2018 number:Supplement https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/91092 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be kostenfrei http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/Does-de-normalization-change-Trends-in-the-de-normalization-of-smoking-in-German,91092,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2459-3087 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 4 2018 Supplement |
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10.18332/tpc/91092 doi (DE-627)DOAJ065523784 (DE-599)DOAJ1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RA1-1270 Martin Mlinarić verfasserin aut Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents 2018 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). smoking adolescents Public aspects of medicine Sebastian Günther verfasserin aut Irene Moor verfasserin aut Kristina Heilmann verfasserin aut Laura Hoffmann verfasserin aut Matthias Richter verfasserin aut In Tobacco Prevention and Cessation European Publishing, 2017 4(2018), Supplement (DE-627)174397759X 24593087 nnns volume:4 year:2018 number:Supplement https://doi.org/10.18332/tpc/91092 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/1705f3b039954c12bac47d1f803b71be kostenfrei http://www.journalssystem.com/tpc/Does-de-normalization-change-Trends-in-the-de-normalization-of-smoking-in-German,91092,0,2.html kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2459-3087 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ AR 4 2018 Supplement |
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Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="264" ind1=" " ind2="1"><subfield code="c">2018</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="336" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Text</subfield><subfield code="b">txt</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacontent</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="337" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Computermedien</subfield><subfield code="b">c</subfield><subfield code="2">rdamedia</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="338" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Online-Ressource</subfield><subfield code="b">cr</subfield><subfield code="2">rdacarrier</subfield></datafield><datafield tag="520" ind1=" " ind2=" "><subfield code="a">Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. 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Does “de-normalization” change? Trends in the de-normalization of smoking in German adolescents |
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Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). |
| abstractGer |
Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). |
| abstract_unstemmed |
Introduction The de-normalization of smoking remains a “catch-all“ diagnosis for societal norm changes with regards to tobacco. However, indicators and dimensions of these changes have been insufficiently studied from a theoretical and empirical view. The aim is to analyze trends of tobacco de-normalization processes in the triad of family, friends’, and school context. Methods Data was obtained from two waves of the cross-sectional SILNE-R-Surveys (2013 & 2017) including 14-16 year-olds (n=1.902) from 20 German schools. Social inequalities with respect to smoke-free (SF) homes, social proximity to smoking friends, and perceived visibility of smoking students were analysed in logistic regression models regarding different aspects of the socioeconomic status (SES: subjective SES, parental education, school type). Gender, migration background and differences in individual and parental smoking, perceived smoking norms, and school tobacco policies (STPs) were included as further independent variables. Results Weekly smoking among adolescents decreased between 2013 (10%) and 2017 (5%). Still, two thirds of the sample reported (2013: 64%; 2017: 62%) not living in a SF home. Social proximity towards smoking friends was reported by a small and shrinking minority of less than 10%. Perceived visibility of school smoking has decreased between 2013 (42%) and 2017 (22%). The multivariate analyses show a significant trend of convergence of low and high SES with regards to SF homes, although parental smoking decreases the likelihood. No significant inequalities in social proximity to smoking friends were found, but an influence of friends’ norms and individual smoking status. About 41% perceived STPs as weak, while such STPs increased significantly the likelihood of smoking visibility. Low SES schools are at a higher risk to report high visibility of smoking. Discussion Shrinking proximity towards smokers and decreasing visibility of school smoking, as well as a convergence among SES groups with regards to SF homes give rise to a legitimate expectation for a possible tobacco endgame. Funding This study (SILNE-R) is supported by EU Horizon 2020 (grant agreement 635056). |
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