Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amar...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Gespeichert in:
| Autor*in: |
Paolo Casini [verfasserIn] Felice La Rocca [verfasserIn] |
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| Format: |
E-Artikel |
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| Sprache: |
Englisch |
| Erschienen: |
2014 |
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| Schlagwörter: |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Italian Journal of Agronomy - PAGEPress Publications, 2011, 9(2014), 4 |
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| Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:9 ; year:2014 ; number:4 |
| Links: |
Link aufrufen |
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| DOI / URN: |
10.4081/ija.2014.602 |
|---|
| Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ066502195 |
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| 520 | |a The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. | ||
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10.4081/ija.2014.602 doi (DE-627)DOAJ066502195 (DE-599)DOAJ2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Paolo Casini verfasserin aut Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus hypochondriacus Central Italy planting density. Agriculture S Plant culture Felice La Rocca verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 9(2014), 4 (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns volume:9 year:2014 number:4 https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a kostenfrei https://www.agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2014 4 |
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10.4081/ija.2014.602 doi (DE-627)DOAJ066502195 (DE-599)DOAJ2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Paolo Casini verfasserin aut Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus hypochondriacus Central Italy planting density. Agriculture S Plant culture Felice La Rocca verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 9(2014), 4 (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns volume:9 year:2014 number:4 https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a kostenfrei https://www.agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2014 4 |
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10.4081/ija.2014.602 doi (DE-627)DOAJ066502195 (DE-599)DOAJ2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Paolo Casini verfasserin aut Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus hypochondriacus Central Italy planting density. Agriculture S Plant culture Felice La Rocca verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 9(2014), 4 (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns volume:9 year:2014 number:4 https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a kostenfrei https://www.agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2014 4 |
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10.4081/ija.2014.602 doi (DE-627)DOAJ066502195 (DE-599)DOAJ2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng SB1-1110 Paolo Casini verfasserin aut Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities 2014 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. Amaranthus cruentus Amaranthus hypochondriacus Central Italy planting density. Agriculture S Plant culture Felice La Rocca verfasserin aut In Italian Journal of Agronomy PAGEPress Publications, 2011 9(2014), 4 (DE-627)657583537 (DE-600)2605865-0 20396805 nnns volume:9 year:2014 number:4 https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a kostenfrei https://www.agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/602 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 Journal toc kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_370 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2147 GBV_ILN_2148 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 9 2014 4 |
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Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities |
| abstract |
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. |
| abstractGer |
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. |
| abstract_unstemmed |
The aim of this study was to determine the possibility of amaranth cultivation in Central Italy and to determine the optimum plant density. Field trials were carried out in 2011 and 2012 under non-irrigated conditions in Tuscany (43° 18’ N, 11° 47’ E). Twelve accessions of two amaranth species (Amaranthus cruentus L. and A. hypochondriacus L.) were utilised. Genotypes were evaluated over a two-year period using a RCB design with three replicates. The effects of plant density were investigated in 2012. A with a split-plot design was used, where the A. cruentus accessions (AMES 5148, PI 511719 and PI 643045) constituted the main plots. Plant densities (7.5, 15, 30 and 60 plants m–2) constituted the subplots. Plants were transplanted at the 3-4 true leaf stage. Morphological traits were determined using 5 plants selected from the two central rows of the sampling area. Plots were hand-harvested and cleaned with a mechanical grid with appropriate sieve diameters. A. cruentus was shown to be more suitable to the Central Italy agro-ecological conditions than A. hypochondriacus. The accessions derived from Mexico (PI 477913, PI 576481, PI 643045, PI 643053, and PI 6495079), Guatemala (PI 511719) and Puerto Rico (AMES 5148), had both higher grain yields and a greater stability over the two-year period, with a mean grain production ranging from 2.8 to 3.2 t ha–1. The severe climatic stress in 2012 (high temperatures and aridity), resulted in a 43-60% reduction in seed production compared to that of the previous year. Under these conditions, PI 511719, AMES 26015, AMES 5386, AMES 5148, PI 477913 yielded on average 1.9 t ha–1. Yields of A. hypochondriacus were negligible in both years, probably attributable to greater photoperiod sensitivity, resulting in reduced flowering and delayed maturity. By increasing density up to 60 and 30 plants m–2 for PI 511719 and AMES 5148, respectively, grain production was increased by 55%. As the plant population increased, plant height, panicle length and diameter, basal stem diameter and branches per plant were reduced. AMES 5148 plants were composed of one single stem with apical panicles at a density of 30 plants m–2, whilst the other two accessions were similar at the highest plant density. Branch number per plant was negatively correlated with grain production (r=–0.536**). Hence, A. cruentus may be grown in Central Italy even under arid conditions, using a density of either 30 or 60 plants m–2 according to the genotype used. |
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| title_short |
Amaranthus cruentus L. is suitable for cultivation in Central Italy: field evaluation and response to plant densities |
| url |
https://doi.org/10.4081/ija.2014.602 https://doaj.org/article/2370bc75e2da477eae52eceb832f325a https://www.agronomy.it/index.php/agro/article/view/602 https://doaj.org/toc/1125-4718 https://doaj.org/toc/2039-6805 |
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Felice La Rocca |
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| doi_str |
10.4081/ija.2014.602 |
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| up_date |
2024-07-03T20:24:36.982Z |
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