Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer
The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data...
Ausführliche Beschreibung
Autor*in: |
Enrique Ortega-Toro [verfasserIn] Antonio García-Angulo [verfasserIn] José María Giménez-Egido [verfasserIn] Francisco Javier García-Angulo [verfasserIn] José Manuel Palao [verfasserIn] |
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E-Artikel |
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Sprache: |
Englisch |
Erschienen: |
2019 |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
In: Frontiers in Psychology - Frontiers Media S.A., 2010, 10(2019) |
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Übergeordnetes Werk: |
volume:10 ; year:2019 |
Links: |
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DOI / URN: |
10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 |
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Katalog-ID: |
DOAJ067580629 |
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520 | |a The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. | ||
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10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067580629 (DE-599)DOAJ92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Enrique Ortega-Toro verfasserin aut Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. performance evaluation team sport match analysis football observational methodology Psychology Antonio García-Angulo verfasserin aut José María Giménez-Egido verfasserin aut Francisco Javier García-Angulo verfasserin aut José Manuel Palao verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 10(2019) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:10 year:2019 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 |
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10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067580629 (DE-599)DOAJ92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Enrique Ortega-Toro verfasserin aut Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. performance evaluation team sport match analysis football observational methodology Psychology Antonio García-Angulo verfasserin aut José María Giménez-Egido verfasserin aut Francisco Javier García-Angulo verfasserin aut José Manuel Palao verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 10(2019) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:10 year:2019 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 |
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10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067580629 (DE-599)DOAJ92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Enrique Ortega-Toro verfasserin aut Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. performance evaluation team sport match analysis football observational methodology Psychology Antonio García-Angulo verfasserin aut José María Giménez-Egido verfasserin aut Francisco Javier García-Angulo verfasserin aut José Manuel Palao verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 10(2019) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:10 year:2019 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 |
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10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067580629 (DE-599)DOAJ92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng BF1-990 Enrique Ortega-Toro verfasserin aut Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer 2019 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. performance evaluation team sport match analysis football observational methodology Psychology Antonio García-Angulo verfasserin aut José María Giménez-Egido verfasserin aut Francisco Javier García-Angulo verfasserin aut José Manuel Palao verfasserin aut In Frontiers in Psychology Frontiers Media S.A., 2010 10(2019) (DE-627)631495711 (DE-600)2563826-9 16641078 nnns volume:10 year:2019 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b kostenfrei https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022/full kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_31 GBV_ILN_32 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_70 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_90 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_100 GBV_ILN_101 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_138 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_152 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_187 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_250 GBV_ILN_281 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_647 GBV_ILN_702 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2086 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4326 GBV_ILN_4335 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2019 |
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design, validation, and reliability of an observation instrument for technical and tactical actions of the offense phase in soccer |
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Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer |
abstract |
The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. |
abstractGer |
The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. |
abstract_unstemmed |
The use of observational methodology in the sports context provides coaches and other sports professionals with flexible tools that adapt to their needs. In collective sports, the use of these instruments is common for the technical and tactical analysis of the game. Based on the importance of data quality in these instruments, the purpose was to design, validate, and test the reliability of a mixed observational instrument of field formats and category systems to analyze technical and tactical actions in the offense phase in soccer. The instrument collects information regarding the actions with the ball, moment of the play (start, development, and end), and contextual situation for the offensive team and for the goalkeeper. The instrument design, validation, and reliability calculation were done in four stages: (a) review of the literature, (b) design the first draft of the instrument, (c) experts’ qualitative and quantitative review of the instrument, and (d) observer training test (reliability calculation). The content validity was established by 12 experts (Ph.D. in sports science or soccer coach with at least of 10 years of coaching experience). The Delphi methodology was used. Experts did a quantitative (scale 0–10) and qualitative evaluation. Experts were asked about: (a) comprehension of the criteria, categorical cores, degree of openness, and their definitions, (b) pertinence of categorical cores and degree of openness, and (c) whether to include other categorical cores or degree of openness in the observation instrument. The lowest Aiken’s V index was 0.91 for the categorical core “numerical situation with opponent goalkeeper.” The inter- and intra-observer reliability presented good levels of agreement. The lowest Kappa index was 0.96 for the inter-reliability in the categorical core “defensive pressing lines” and was 0.98 for the intra-reliability in the categorical core “ball height (start of ball possession),” “distance of the defensive player,” “ball height (end of ball possession),” “numerical situation,” and “defensive pressing lines.” The coefficients of the generalizability analysis showed a high level of accuracy, validity and reliability of the instrument. The results show that the instrument allows to obtain objective, valid and reliable information about the offensive phase in soccer. |
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title_short |
Design, Validation, and Reliability of an Observation Instrument for Technical and Tactical Actions of the Offense Phase in Soccer |
url |
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022 https://doaj.org/article/92e0e9fdc492417caebf0ca7caa1958b https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00022/full https://doaj.org/toc/1664-1078 |
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Antonio García-Angulo José María Giménez-Egido Francisco Javier García-Angulo José Manuel Palao |
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