The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clini...
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Autor*in:	Ahmad Naoras Bitar [verfasserIn] Amer Hayat Khan [verfasserIn] Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman [verfasserIn] Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali [verfasserIn] Irfanullah Khan [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences - Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009, 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:13 ; year:2021 ; number:6 ; pages:1215-1223

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ067613799

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520			\|a Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
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allfields	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067613799 (DE-599)DOAJ2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RS1-441 QD71-142 Ahmad Naoras Bitar verfasserin aut The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group. addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking Pharmacy and materia medica Analytical chemistry Amer Hayat Khan verfasserin aut Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman verfasserin aut Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali verfasserin aut Irfanullah Khan verfasserin aut In Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223 (DE-627)635603888 (DE-600)2573569-X 09757406 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:6 pages:1215-1223 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c kostenfrei http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 6 1215-1223
spelling	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067613799 (DE-599)DOAJ2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RS1-441 QD71-142 Ahmad Naoras Bitar verfasserin aut The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group. addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking Pharmacy and materia medica Analytical chemistry Amer Hayat Khan verfasserin aut Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman verfasserin aut Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali verfasserin aut Irfanullah Khan verfasserin aut In Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223 (DE-627)635603888 (DE-600)2573569-X 09757406 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:6 pages:1215-1223 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c kostenfrei http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 6 1215-1223
allfields_unstemmed	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067613799 (DE-599)DOAJ2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RS1-441 QD71-142 Ahmad Naoras Bitar verfasserin aut The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group. addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking Pharmacy and materia medica Analytical chemistry Amer Hayat Khan verfasserin aut Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman verfasserin aut Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali verfasserin aut Irfanullah Khan verfasserin aut In Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223 (DE-627)635603888 (DE-600)2573569-X 09757406 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:6 pages:1215-1223 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c kostenfrei http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 6 1215-1223
allfieldsGer	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067613799 (DE-599)DOAJ2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RS1-441 QD71-142 Ahmad Naoras Bitar verfasserin aut The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group. addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking Pharmacy and materia medica Analytical chemistry Amer Hayat Khan verfasserin aut Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman verfasserin aut Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali verfasserin aut Irfanullah Khan verfasserin aut In Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223 (DE-627)635603888 (DE-600)2573569-X 09757406 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:6 pages:1215-1223 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c kostenfrei http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 6 1215-1223
allfieldsSound	10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 doi (DE-627)DOAJ067613799 (DE-599)DOAJ2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RS1-441 QD71-142 Ahmad Naoras Bitar verfasserin aut The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group. addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking Pharmacy and materia medica Analytical chemistry Amer Hayat Khan verfasserin aut Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman verfasserin aut Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali verfasserin aut Irfanullah Khan verfasserin aut In Journal of Pharmacy and Bioallied Sciences Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2009 13(2021), 6, Seite 1215-1223 (DE-627)635603888 (DE-600)2573569-X 09757406 nnns volume:13 year:2021 number:6 pages:1215-1223 https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c kostenfrei http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_11 GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2003 GBV_ILN_2005 GBV_ILN_2009 GBV_ILN_2011 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_2055 GBV_ILN_2111 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 13 2021 6 1215-1223
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authorswithroles_txt_mv	Ahmad Naoras Bitar @@aut@@ Amer Hayat Khan @@aut@@ Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman @@aut@@ Irfhan Ali Bin Hyder Ali @@aut@@ Irfanullah Khan @@aut@@
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Ahmad Naoras Bitar
spellingShingle	Ahmad Naoras Bitar misc RS1-441 misc QD71-142 misc addiction misc chronic obstructive pulmonary disease misc emphysema misc heroin misc smoking misc Pharmacy and materia medica misc Analytical chemistry The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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topic_title	RS1-441 QD71-142 The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease addiction chronic obstructive pulmonary disease emphysema heroin smoking
topic	misc RS1-441 misc QD71-142 misc addiction misc chronic obstructive pulmonary disease misc emphysema misc heroin misc smoking misc Pharmacy and materia medica misc Analytical chemistry
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title	The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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title_full	The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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title_sort	association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
callnumber	RS1-441
title_auth	The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
abstract	Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
abstractGer	Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
abstract_unstemmed	Introduction: Little is known about the correlation between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heroin smoking. Heroin smoking is a recent underinvestigated problem. The goal of this study is to study the impact of heroin smoking among COPD patients. Methods: This is a descriptive clinical study. A combination of self-reporting questionnaires and data extraction tools were used to collect information during baseline tests, interviews, and follow-ups. Patients' medical, clinical, and socioeconomic history were recorded. Participants were recruited using random sampling from multiple centers. Results: Out of 1034 COPD patients, heroin smokers represented the vast majority of addiction cases (n = 133). Heroin smokers were leaner than non-addicts (19.78 ± 4.07 and 24.01 ± 5.6, respectively). The most common type of comorbidities among heroin smokers was emphysema (27%). Both the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)/forced vital capacity ratio and FEV1% predicted were lower among heroin smokers than non-addicts (52.79 ± 12.71 and 48.54 ± 14.38, respectively). The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. Heroin smokers showed a significantrespiratory impairment compared to tobacco smokers of the same age group.
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title_short	The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
url	https://doi.org/10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_353_21 https://doaj.org/article/2a17feb5fb684185bc08dfef693f894c http://www.jpbsonline.org/article.asp?issn=0975-7406;year=2021;volume=13;issue=6;spage=1215;epage=1223;aulast=Bitar https://doaj.org/toc/0975-7406
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The majority of heroin smokers (55%) had advanced COPD, and at least 15% of heroin smokers suffered from frequent respiratory failure. The mean ± SD for COPD onset age among heroin smokers was 44.23 ± 5.72, and it showed a statistically significant correlation (P < 0.001). Conclusion: Heroin smoking might be linked to the onset of COPD. 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The association between chronic heroin smoking and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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