Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer

Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently....
Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Autor*in:	Joaquim Viñes [verfasserIn] Anna Cuscó [verfasserIn] Sebastian Napp [verfasserIn] Julio Alvarez [verfasserIn] Jose Luis Saez-Llorente [verfasserIn] Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda [verfasserIn] Olga Francino [verfasserIn] Lourdes Migura-Garcia [verfasserIn]

Format:	E-Artikel
Sprache:	Englisch

Erschienen:	2021

Schlagwörter:	colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing

Übergeordnetes Werk:	In: Antibiotics - MDPI AG, 2013, 10(2021), 3, p 313
Übergeordnetes Werk:	volume:10 ; year:2021 ; number:3, p 313

Links:	Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Link aufrufen Journal toc

DOI / URN:	10.3390/antibiotics10030313

Katalog-ID:	DOAJ068304471

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520			\|a Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential.
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allfields	10.3390/antibiotics10030313 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068304471 (DE-599)DOAJ9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Joaquim Viñes verfasserin aut Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing Therapeutics. Pharmacology Anna Cuscó verfasserin aut Sebastian Napp verfasserin aut Julio Alvarez verfasserin aut Jose Luis Saez-Llorente verfasserin aut Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda verfasserin aut Olga Francino verfasserin aut Lourdes Migura-Garcia verfasserin aut In Antibiotics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 3, p 313 (DE-627)726120596 (DE-600)2681345-2 20796382 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 3, p 313
spelling	10.3390/antibiotics10030313 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068304471 (DE-599)DOAJ9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Joaquim Viñes verfasserin aut Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing Therapeutics. Pharmacology Anna Cuscó verfasserin aut Sebastian Napp verfasserin aut Julio Alvarez verfasserin aut Jose Luis Saez-Llorente verfasserin aut Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda verfasserin aut Olga Francino verfasserin aut Lourdes Migura-Garcia verfasserin aut In Antibiotics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 3, p 313 (DE-627)726120596 (DE-600)2681345-2 20796382 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 3, p 313
allfields_unstemmed	10.3390/antibiotics10030313 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068304471 (DE-599)DOAJ9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Joaquim Viñes verfasserin aut Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing Therapeutics. Pharmacology Anna Cuscó verfasserin aut Sebastian Napp verfasserin aut Julio Alvarez verfasserin aut Jose Luis Saez-Llorente verfasserin aut Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda verfasserin aut Olga Francino verfasserin aut Lourdes Migura-Garcia verfasserin aut In Antibiotics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 3, p 313 (DE-627)726120596 (DE-600)2681345-2 20796382 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 3, p 313
allfieldsGer	10.3390/antibiotics10030313 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068304471 (DE-599)DOAJ9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Joaquim Viñes verfasserin aut Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing Therapeutics. Pharmacology Anna Cuscó verfasserin aut Sebastian Napp verfasserin aut Julio Alvarez verfasserin aut Jose Luis Saez-Llorente verfasserin aut Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda verfasserin aut Olga Francino verfasserin aut Lourdes Migura-Garcia verfasserin aut In Antibiotics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 3, p 313 (DE-627)726120596 (DE-600)2681345-2 20796382 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 3, p 313
allfieldsSound	10.3390/antibiotics10030313 doi (DE-627)DOAJ068304471 (DE-599)DOAJ9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 DE-627 ger DE-627 rakwb eng RM1-950 Joaquim Viñes verfasserin aut Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer 2021 Text txt rdacontent Computermedien c rdamedia Online-Ressource cr rdacarrier Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential. <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing Therapeutics. Pharmacology Anna Cuscó verfasserin aut Sebastian Napp verfasserin aut Julio Alvarez verfasserin aut Jose Luis Saez-Llorente verfasserin aut Montserrat Rosàs-Rodoreda verfasserin aut Olga Francino verfasserin aut Lourdes Migura-Garcia verfasserin aut In Antibiotics MDPI AG, 2013 10(2021), 3, p 313 (DE-627)726120596 (DE-600)2681345-2 20796382 nnns volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313 https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10030313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/article/9738dccdf8ef43b0811cff94a1cc41f5 kostenfrei https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/10/3/313 kostenfrei https://doaj.org/toc/2079-6382 Journal toc kostenfrei GBV_USEFLAG_A SYSFLAG_A GBV_DOAJ GBV_ILN_20 GBV_ILN_22 GBV_ILN_23 GBV_ILN_24 GBV_ILN_39 GBV_ILN_40 GBV_ILN_60 GBV_ILN_62 GBV_ILN_63 GBV_ILN_65 GBV_ILN_69 GBV_ILN_73 GBV_ILN_74 GBV_ILN_95 GBV_ILN_105 GBV_ILN_110 GBV_ILN_151 GBV_ILN_161 GBV_ILN_170 GBV_ILN_206 GBV_ILN_213 GBV_ILN_230 GBV_ILN_285 GBV_ILN_293 GBV_ILN_602 GBV_ILN_2014 GBV_ILN_4012 GBV_ILN_4037 GBV_ILN_4112 GBV_ILN_4125 GBV_ILN_4126 GBV_ILN_4249 GBV_ILN_4305 GBV_ILN_4306 GBV_ILN_4307 GBV_ILN_4313 GBV_ILN_4322 GBV_ILN_4323 GBV_ILN_4324 GBV_ILN_4325 GBV_ILN_4338 GBV_ILN_4367 GBV_ILN_4700 AR 10 2021 3, p 313
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source	In Antibiotics 10(2021), 3, p 313 volume:10 year:2021 number:3, p 313
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callnumber-first	R - Medicine
author	Joaquim Viñes
spellingShingle	Joaquim Viñes misc RM1-950 misc <i<Escherichia coli</i< misc colistin misc mcr misc plasmids misc MinION nanopore misc hybrid sequencing misc Therapeutics. Pharmacology Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer
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topic_title	RM1-950 Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer <i<Escherichia coli</i< colistin mcr plasmids MinION nanopore hybrid sequencing
topic	misc RM1-950 misc <i<Escherichia coli</i< misc colistin misc mcr misc plasmids misc MinION nanopore misc hybrid sequencing misc Therapeutics. Pharmacology
topic_unstemmed	misc RM1-950 misc <i<Escherichia coli</i< misc colistin misc mcr misc plasmids misc MinION nanopore misc hybrid sequencing misc Therapeutics. Pharmacology
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title	Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer
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title_full	Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer
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title_sort	transmission of similar mcr-1 carrying plasmids among different <i<escherichia coli</i< lineages isolated from livestock and the farmer
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title_auth	Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer
abstract	Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential.
abstractGer	Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential.
abstract_unstemmed	Colistin use has mostly been stopped in human medicine, due to its toxicity. However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). Moreover, 33 virulence factors, including <i<stx2</i< for Shiga toxin <i<E. coli</i< (STEC) were detected, highlighting the role of livestock as a reservoir of pathotypes with zoonotic potential.
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title_short	Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer
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However, nowadays, it still is used as a last-resort antibiotic to treat hospital infections caused by multi-drug resistant Enterobacteriaceae. On the contrary, colistin has been used in veterinary medicine until recently. In this study, 210 fecal samples from pigs (<i<n</i< = 57), calves (<i<n</i< = 152), and the farmer (<i<n</i< = 1) were collected from a farm where <i<E. coli</i< harboring <i<mcr</i<-1–<i<mcr</i<-3 was previously detected. Samples were plated, and <i<mcr</i<-genes presence was confirmed by multiplex-PCR. Hybrid sequencing which determined the presence and location of <i<mcr-1</i<, other antibiotic resistance genes, and virulence factors. Eighteen colistin resistant isolates (13 from calves, four from pigs, and one from the farmer) contained <i<mcr</i<-1 associated with plasmids (IncX4, IncI2, and IncHI2), except for two that yielded <i<mcr</i<-1 in the chromosome. Similar plasmids were distributed in different <i<E. coli</i< lineages. Transmission of <i<mcr</i<-1 to the farmer most likely occurred by horizontal gene transfer from <i<E. coli</i< of calf origin, since plasmids were highly similar (99% coverage, 99.97% identity). 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Transmission of Similar Mcr-1 Carrying Plasmids among Different <i<Escherichia coli</i< Lineages Isolated from Livestock and the Farmer

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